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      International Journal of COPD (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on pathophysiological processes underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) interventions, patient focused education, and self-management protocols. Sign up for email alerts here.

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      Ectopic adiposity and cardiometabolic health in COPD

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          Abstract

          Rationale

          Obesity/overweight is the most prevalent body composition abnormality in COPD. However, little is known about the impact of fat distribution on cardiometabolic health in COPD.

          Objective

          To study the associations between ectopic adiposity, cardiometabolic health, and COPD.

          Methods

          A total of 263 subjects (166 males; age=65±9 years) were randomly selected from the general population. Subjects were classified as non-COPD controls and COPD, according to the Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, and the presence of cardiometabolic comorbidities was recorded. Ectopic fat accumulation was documented from computed tomography measurements of visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional areas and muscle mean attenuation, assessed at L4–L5. Blood glucose, lipid, and adipokine profiles were also evaluated.

          Results

          After correcting for age, sex, and tobacco exposure, visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional area was higher in GOLD 2+ compared to GOLD 1 individuals. Consistent with this, mean muscle tissue attenuation was lower in GOLD 2+ vs GOLD 1 and non-COPD controls ( P<0.001). In multiple regression models, visceral adipose tissue cross-sectional area was strongly associated with hypertension ( P<0.001) and diabetes ( P<0.001), while muscle attenuation was associated with coronary artery disease ( P<0.001). Blood glucose, lipid, and adipokine profiles were similar across groups with the exception of leptin level which was higher in GOLD 2+ subjects compared to GOLD 1 and controls.

          Conclusion

          GOLD 2+ COPD was associated with ectopic fat accumulation which modulated cardiometabolic health.

          Most cited references28

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          Ageing and the epidemiology of multimorbidity.

          Miguel Divo, Carlos H. Martinez, David Mannino (2014)
          The world's population is ageing and an important part of this demographic shift is the development of chronic illness. In short, a person who does not die of acute illnesses, such as infections, and survives with chronic illnesses is more likely to develop additional chronic illnesses. Chronic respiratory diseases are an important component of these diseases associated with ageing. This article reviews the relationship between ageing and chronic respiratory disease, and also how certain chronic diseases cluster with others, either on the basis of underlying risk factors, complication of the primary disease or other factors, such as an increased state of inflammation. While death is inevitable, disabling chronic illnesses are not. Better understanding of how individuals can age healthily without the development of multiple chronic illnesses should lead to an improved global quality of life.
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            Fat accumulation in the liver is associated with defects in insulin suppression of glucose production and serum free fatty acids independent of obesity in normal men.

            Anneli Seppälä-Lindroos, Satu Vehkavaara, Anna-Maija Häkkinen … (2002)
            We determined whether interindividual variation in hepatic insulin sensitivity could be attributed to variation in liver fat content (LFAT) independent of obesity. We recruited 30 healthy nondiabetic men whose LFAT (determined by proton spectroscopy); intraabdominal, sc, and total (determined by magnetic resonance imaging) fat; and insulin sensitivity of endogenous glucose rate of production (R(a)) and suppression of serum FFA [euglycemic insulin clamp combined with [3-(3)H]glucose (0-300 min); insulin infusion rate, 0.3 mU/kg.min, 120-300 min] were measured. The men were divided into groups of low (mean +/- SD, 1.7 +/- 0.2%) and high (10.5 +/- 2.0%) LFAT based on their median fat content. The low and high LFAT groups were comparable with respect to age (44 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 2 yr), body mass index (25 +/- 1 vs. 26 +/- 1 kg/m(2) ), waist to hip ratio (0.953 +/- 0.013 vs. 0.953 +/- 0.013), maximal oxygen uptake (35.6 +/- 1.5 vs. 33.5 +/- 1.5 ml/kg.min), and intraabdominal, sc, and total fat. The high compared with the low LFAT group had several features of insulin resistance, including fasting hyperinsulinemia (7.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.6 mU/liter; P < 0.02, high vs. low LFAT) hypertriglyceridemia (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.9 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter; P < 0.02), a low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration (1.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.1 mmol/liter; P < 0.05), and a higher ambulatory 24-h systolic blood pressure (130 +/- 3 vs. 122 +/- 3 mm Hg; P < 0.05). Basal glucose R(a) and serum FFA were comparable between the groups, whereas insulin suppression of glucose R(a) [51 +/- 8 vs. 20 +/- 12 mg/m(2).min during 240-300 min (P < 0.05) or -55 +/- 7 vs. -85 +/- 12% below basal (P < 0.05, high vs. low LFAT)] and of serum FFA (299 +/- 33 vs. 212 +/- 13 micromol/liter; 240-300 min; P < 0.02) were impaired in the high compared with the low LFAT group. Insulin stimulation of glucose Rd were comparable in the men with high LFAT (141 +/- 12 mg/m(2).min) and those with low LFAT (156 +/- 14 mg/m(2).min; P = NS). Fat accumulation in the liver is, independent of body mass index and intraabdominal and overall obesity, characterized by several features of insulin resistance in normal weight and moderately overweight subjects.
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              Physical inactivity in patients with COPD, a controlled multi-center pilot-study.

              Thierry Troosters, Frank Sciurba, Salvatore Battaglia … (2010)
              Physical activity (PA) has been reported to be reduced in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies in moderate COPD are currently scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate physical activity in daily life in patients with COPD (n=70) and controls (n=30). A multi-center controlled study was conducted. PA was assessed using a multisensor armband device (SenseWear, BodyMedia, Pittsburgh, PA) and is reported as the average number of steps per day, and the time spent in mild and moderate physical activity. Patients suffered from mild (n=9), moderate (n=28), severe (n=23) and very severe (n=10) COPD. The time spent in activities with mild (80 + or - 69 min vs 160 + or - 89 min, p<0.0001) and moderate intensity (24 + or - 29 min vs 65 + or - 70 min; p<0.0036) was reduced in patients compared to controls. The number of steps reached 87 + or - 34%, 71 + or - 32%, 49 + or - 34% and 29 + or - 20% of control values in GOLD-stages I to IV respectively. The time spent in activities at moderate intensity was 53 + or - 47%, 41 + or - 45%, 31 + or - 47% and 22 + or - 34% of the values obtained in controls respectively with increasing GOLD-stage. These differences reached statistical significance as of GOLD stage II (p<0.05). No differences were observed among centers. Physical activity is reduced early in the disease progression (as of GOLD-stage II). Reductions in physical activities at moderate intensity seem to precede the reduction in the amount of physical activities at lower intensity. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): International Journal of COPD
                Title: International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9106
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2005
                Publication date Collection: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 15 October 2018
                Volume: 13
                Pages: 3331-3340
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada, francois.maltais@ 123456fmed.ulaval.ca
                [2 ]University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
                [3 ]Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Département de Nutrition et Service d’Endocrinologie, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
                [4 ]Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
                Author notes
                Correspondence: François Maltais, Centre de Pneumologie, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, 2725 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec (QC), G1V 4G5, Canada, Tel +1 418 656 4762, Email francois.maltais@ 123456fmed.ulaval.ca
                Article
                Publisher ID: copd-13-3331
                DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S168963
                PMC ID: 6197246
                SO-VID: 2944fed7-7df1-4465-83af-987d77ba2db7
                Copyright © © 2018 Coats et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited
                License:

                The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,obesity,abdominal,comorbidity,ectopic adiposity,cardiometabolic health
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Respiratory medicine
                Keywords: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, abdominal, comorbidity, ectopic adiposity, cardiometabolic health

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