Profiles of facial soft tissue changes during and after orthodontic treatment in female adults

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Abstract

Background

Some female adults who received orthodontic treatment often complain about thinner faces, protruding cheekbones and sunken temples, even at the beginning of treatment. The present research aimed to explore facial soft tissue changes during and after orthodontic treatment, as well as the related factors affecting facial soft tissue changes.

Methods

This study used 3dMD stereo photography technology to compare facial soft tissue changes among adult females who received orthodontics. A total of 52 adult females (24 teeth extraction, 28 non-teeth extraction cases) were included and potential correlations between related factors (facial morphology features, the change of occlusal height and dental arch width) were evaluated during different treatment periods.

Results

Overall, 3D-negative soft tissue changes of the buccal region moderately correlated with distances of nasion-menton and subnasale-menton (both rs = 0.30, P < 0.05) as well as the ratio of subnasale-menton/right gonion-left gonion (rs = 0.33, P < 0.05) and nasion-menton/right zygomatic point-left zygomatic point (rs = 0.30, P < 0.05). Among the 3D angle measurements, the right chelion-median upper lip point-left chelion angle was found to have a moderate correlation with 3D negative changes of the upper cheilion region (rs = 0.31, P < 0.01). Analysis of occlusal height changes revealed that an increase in the posterior facial height (nasion-gonial distance) may be a risk factor for negative changes in the zygomatic arch area. In addition, a moderate positive correlation between the maxillary first molar width changes and 3D-negative changes of the lower cheek region was found (rs = 0.41, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

After orthodontic treatment, adult females with wide and short faces may be prone to negative soft tissue changes. Changes of posterior facial height and arch width between the first molars were also risk factors for negative changes of facial soft tissues. Extraction is not a major factor producing facial soft tissue changes.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02280-5.

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Most cited references 32

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Validity and reliability of craniofacial anthropometric measurement of 3D digital photogrammetric images.

Julielynn Wong, Albert K. Oh, Eiichi Ohta … (2008)

Direct anthropometry performed during a patient examination is the standard technique for quantifying craniofacial dysmorphology, as well as for surgical planning and outcome assessment. Several new technologies have been designed to computerize anthropometric measurements, including three-dimensional (3D) digital photogrammetry. These digital systems have the advantage of acquiring patient craniofacial surface images quickly and noninvasively. Before morphometry using digital photogrammetry can be applied in clinical and research practice, it must be assessed against direct anthropometry. To evaluate the validity and reliability of facial anthropometric linear distances imaged by 3D digital photogrammetry with respect to direct anthropometry. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, MEASURES: Standard craniofacial distances were directly measured twice on 20 normal adult volunteers. Craniofacial surfaces were also imaged using the 3dMDface digital photogrammetry system, and distances were digitally measured twice for each subject. Validity measures of accuracy and bias (for direct versus digital measurements) and reproducibility measures of precision and test-retest reliability (for repeated sets of digital measurements) were computed. Seventeen of the 18 direct measurements correlated highly with digital values (mean r = 0.88). The correlation for one measurement (upper prolabial width) was not statistically significant. The overall precision of all 17 digital measurements was less than 1 mm, and the reliability was high (mean r = 0.91). Craniofacial anthropometry using the 3dMDface System is valid and reliable. Digital measurements of upper prolabial width may require direct marking, prior to imaging, to improve landmark identification.

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The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis.

C H TWEED (1946)

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Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry.

S Naidoo, Mary L. Marazita, M. Weinberg … (2006)

A variety of commercially available three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging systems are currently in use by craniofacial specialists. Little is known, however, about how measurement data generated from alternative 3D systems compare, specifically in terms of accuracy and precision. The purpose of this study was to compare anthropometric measurements obtained by way of two different digital 3D photogrammetry systems (Genex and 3dMD) as well as direct anthropometry and to evaluate intraobserver precision across these three methods. On a sample of 18 mannequin heads, 12 linear distances were measured twice by each method. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test simultaneously for mean differences in precision across methods. Additional descriptive statistics (e.g., technical error of measurement [TEM]) were used to quantify measurement error magnitude. Statistically significant (P < 0.05) mean differences were observed across methods for nine anthropometric variables; however, the magnitude of these differences was consistently at the submillimeter level. No significant differences were noted for precision. Moreover, the magnitude of imprecision was determined to be very small, with TEM scores well under 1 mm, and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.98 to 1. Results indicate that overall mean differences across these three methods were small enough to be of little practical importance. In terms of intraobserver precision, all methods fared equally well. This study is the first attempt to simultaneously compare 3D surface imaging systems directly with one another and with traditional anthropometry. Results suggest that craniofacial surface data obtained by way of alternative 3D photogrammetric systems can be combined or compared statistically.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Yuerong Xu: xyr0722@163.com

Zuolin Jin: jinzuolinBM@outlook.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Oral Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Oral Health

Title: BMC Oral Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1472-6831

Publication date (Electronic): 26 June 2022

Publication date PMC-release: 26 June 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 22

Electronic Location Identifier: 257

Affiliations

[1 ]GRID grid.233520.5, ISNI 0000 0004 1761 4404, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, , The Fourth Military Medical University, ; No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi’an, 710032 China

[2 ]Department of Stomatology, Haiyi Hospital, Zhoushan, 316000 China

Article

Publisher ID: 2280

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02280-5

PMC ID: 9233845

PubMed ID: 35754041

SO-VID: 2953919c-161d-4e40-8463-5bf656ea6d3b

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

History

Date received : 11 April 2022

Date accepted : 13 June 2022

Funding

Funded by: Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province

Award ID: 2022SF-227

Award ID: S2021-YF-YBSF-0943

Award Recipient : Jie Gao Zuolin Jin

Funded by: National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases

Award ID: LCA202009

Award Recipient : Zuolin Jin

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: orthodontic treatment,facial soft tissue,3dmd stereo photography,extraction,non-extraction,facial aesthetics

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Dentistry

Keywords: orthodontic treatment, facial soft tissue, 3dmd stereo photography, extraction, non-extraction, facial aesthetics

Profiles of facial soft tissue changes during and after orthodontic treatment in female adults

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Abstract

Background

Methods

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Supplementary Information

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Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine (AJFSFM)

Most cited references 32

Validity and reliability of craniofacial anthropometric measurement of 3D digital photogrammetric images.

The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis.

Anthropometric precision and accuracy of digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: comparing the Genex and 3dMD imaging systems with one another and with direct anthropometry.

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