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      Tasa de filtración glomerular y deterioro funcional en una unidad geriátrica de agudos Translated title: Glomerular filtration rate and functional decline in an acute geriatric unit

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: una tasa baja de Filtración Glomerular estimada (FGe) se asocia con deterioro funcional. Se sabe poco sobre esa asociación en ancianos hospitalizados. Objetivo: determinar si la disminución de la FGe se asocia a deterioro funcional. Metodología: estudio de cohorte prospectiva, incluyó 1826 pacientes mayores de 60 años hospitalizados en Unidad Geriátrica de Agudos, admitidos entre enero de 2012 y agosto de 2015. El desenlace fue el estado funcional evaluado mediante el Índice de Barthel (IB) en cuatro momentos. La función renal fue estimada según MDRD-4, se agruparon en cuatro categorías según FGe (normal ≥90, leve 60-89, moderado 59-30, severo <30). Se usaron modelos de regresión logística multivariada y procedimiento Glimmix para análisis longitudinales. Resultados: edad promedio 82,3±7,2 años, 51 % eran mujeres. En la regresión logística multivariada, un IB≤60 al ingreso estuvo asociado con edad ≥80 años, género femenino, comorbilidad alta, deterioro social, hipoalbuminemia, anemia, MMSE<19; mientras que la falla renal leve o moderada, disminuyen este riesgo. En el análisis longitudinal, la disminución de IB total durante el seguimiento se asoció con edad ≥80 años, género femenino, deterioro social, estancia hospitalaria ≥15 días, comorbilidad alta, hipoalbuminemia y MMSE <19. La presencia de falla renal leve, moderada o severa se asoció con mayor IB a través del tiempo. Conclusiones: una disminución de FGe está asociada con bajo riesgo de deterioro funcional al ingreso y al seguimiento. Estos hallazgos difieren de reportes previos en la literatura.

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          SUMMARY Introduction: Low estimated Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is associated with functional decline. Little is known on that association in hospitalized elderly. Objective: Determine if low eGFR is associated with functional decline. Methods: Prospective cohort study that included 1826 patients 60 years and older hospitalized in a Geriatric Acute Unit, admitted between January 2012 and August 2015. The outcome was functional status assessed four times by the Barthel Index (BI). Kidney function was estimated by MDRD-4 IDMS and was grouped into four categories according to eGFR (normal ≥90, mild 60-89, moderate 59-30, severe <30). Multivariate logistic regression models and GLIMMIX procedure for longitudinal analyzes were used. Results: Mean age was 82.3±7.2 years, 51 % were women. In multivariate logistic regression, a BI≤60 at admission was associated with age ≥80, female gender, high comorbidity, social deterioration, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, MMSE<19, while the presence of mild or moderate renal failure reduced this risk. In the longitudinal analysis, lower total BI at follow-up was associated with age ≥80, female gender, social deterioration, hospital stay ≥15 days, high comorbidity, hypoalbuminemia, MMSE<19. The presence of mild, moderate or severe renal impairment was associated with higher BI over time. Conclusions: A low eGFR was associated with lower risk for functional decline at admission and overtime. These findings differ from previous reports in the literature.

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          Effectiveness of Acute Geriatric Unit Care Using Acute Care for Elders Components: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

          Objectives To compare the effectiveness of acute geriatric unit care, based on all or part of the Acute Care for Elders (ACE) model and introduced in the acute phase of illness or injury, with that of usual care. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled and quasi-experimental trials with parallel comparison groups retrieved from multiple sources. Setting Acute care geriatric and nongeriatric hospital units. Participants Acutely ill or injured adults (N = 6,839) with an average age of 81. Interventions Acute geriatric unit care characterized by one or more ACE components: patient-centered care, frequent medical review, early rehabilitation, early discharge planning, prepared environment. Measurements Falls, pressure ulcers, delirium, functional decline at discharge from baseline 2-week prehospital and hospital admission statuses, length of hospital stay, discharge destination (home or nursing home), mortality, costs, and hospital readmissions. Results Acute geriatric unit care was associated with fewer falls (risk ratio (RR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–0.88), less delirium (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61–0.88), less functional decline at discharge from baseline 2-week prehospital admission status (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.78–0.97), shorter length of hospital stay (weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.61, 95% CI = −1.16 to −0.05), fewer discharges to a nursing home (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99), lower costs (WMD = −$245.80, 95% CI = −$446.23 to −$45.38), and more discharges to home (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01–1.10). A nonsignificant trend toward fewer pressure ulcers was observed. No differences were found in functional decline between baseline hospital admission status and discharge, mortality, or hospital readmissions. Conclusion Acute geriatric unit care, based on all or part of the ACE model and introduced during the acute phase of older adults' illness or injury, improves patient- and system-level outcomes.
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            Association of frailty and physical function in patients with non-dialysis CKD: a systematic review

            Background Frailty is a condition characterized by a decline in physical function and functional capacity. Common symptoms of frailty, such as weakness and exhaustion, are prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The increased vulnerability of frail patients with coexisting CKD may place them at a heightened risk of encountering additional health complications. The purpose of this systematic review was to explore the link between frailty, CKD and clinical outcomes. Methods We searched for cross sectional and prospective studies in the general population and in the CKD population indexed in EMBASE, Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane and Ageline examining the association between frailty and CKD and those relating frailty in patients with CKD to clinical outcomes. Results We screened 5,066 abstracts and retrieved 108 studies for full text review. We identified 7 studies associating frailty or physical function to CKD. From the 7 studies, we identified only two studies that related frailty in patients with CKD to a clinical outcome. CKD was consistently associated with increasing frailty or reduced physical function [odds ratios (OR) 1.30 to 3.12]. In patients with CKD, frailty was associated with a greater than two-fold higher risk of dialysis and/or death [OR from 2.0 to 5.88]. Conclusions CKD is associated with a higher risk of frailty or diminished physical function. Furthermore, the presence of frailty in patients with CKD may lead to a higher risk of mortality. Further research must be conducted to understand the mechanisms of frailty in CKD and to confirm its association with clinical outcomes.
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              Chronic kidney disease and functional limitation in older people: health, aging and body composition study.

              To assess whether chronic kidney disease (CKD) is independently associated with incident physical-function limitation. Prospective cohort study. Two sites: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Memphis, Tennessee. Two thousand one hundred thirty-five men and women aged 70 to 79 without functional limitation at baseline from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Functional limitation was defined as difficulty in walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing 10 steps on two consecutive reports 6 months apart (in the same function). Kidney function was measured using serum cystatin C. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula ( or =60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), was a secondary predictor. Muscle strength, lean body mass according to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, comorbidity, medication use, and inflammatory markers were evaluated as covariates. Persons in the highest (> or =1.13 mg/L) quartile of cystatin C experienced a significantly higher risk of developing functional limitation than those in the lowest (<0.86 mg/L) quartile (hazard ratio (HR)=1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40-2.07). The association between the fourth cystatin C quartile and functional limitation remained after adjustment for demographics, lean body mass, comorbidity, muscle strength, and gait speed (HR=1.41, 95% CI=1.13-1.75), although the association was attenuated after adjustment for markers of inflammation (HR=1.15, 95% CI=0.90-1.46). Similar results were found for eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), although the association with functional limitation remained after adjustment for inflammatory markers (HR=1.30, 95% CI=1.08-1.56). CKD is associated with the development of functional impairment independent of comorbidity, body composition, and tests of strength and physical performance. The mechanism may be related to a heightened inflammatory state in CKD.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                iat
                Iatreia
                Iatreia
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0121-0793
                March 2018
                : 31
                : 1
                : 7-17
                Affiliations
                [1] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Colombia
                [5] Cali Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad del Valle Colombia
                [4] Valle del Cauca orgnameUniversidad Libre orgdiv1Facultad de Salud Colombia
                [2] orgnameUniversity of Texas orgdiv1Department of Internal Medicine United States
                [3] Cali orgnameUniversidad Libre Colombia
                Article
                S0121-07932018000100007
                10.17533/udea.iatreia.v31n1a01
                29721771-9fa5-4ab4-af5b-c8a7bdfe8f34

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 September 2017
                : 24 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Hospitalization,Glomerular Filtration Rate,Anciano,Deterioro Funcional,Hospitalización,Tasa de Filtración Glomerular,Aged,Functional Decline

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