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      Vasodilator responses and endothelin-dependent vasoconstriction in metabolically healthy obesity and the metabolic syndrome

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          Abstract

          Patients with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) do not present the cluster of metabolic abnormalities that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Whether MHO is associated with lower impairment of vasoreactivity than the MetS is unknown. For this purpose, forearm blood flow (FBF) responses were measured by strain-gauge plethysmography during the intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and/or the selective endothelin type A (ET A) receptor blocker BQ-123 in 119 obese individuals with MHO ( n = 34) or with the MetS ( n = 85) and in healthy lean controls ( n = 56). ACh and SNP caused a significant vasodilation in both obese and lean participants (all P < 0.001). However, the response to both agents was significantly lower in the obese than in the control group (both P < 0.001). Among the obese participants, the reactivity to ACh was higher in MHO than in MetS patients, whereas the responsiveness to SNP was equally impaired in both groups ( P = 0.45). Infusion of BQ-123 significantly increased FBF in obese patients ( P < 0001), but not in the lean participants; hence, FBF following ET A receptor blockade was higher in both obese groups than in controls (both P < 0.001). FBF response to BQ-123 was significantly higher in patients with the MetS than in those with MHO ( P = 0.007). In conclusion, patients with MHO have abnormal vascular reactivity, although their endothelial dysfunction is less pronounced than in patients with the MetS. These findings indicate that obesity is associated with vascular damage independent of those metabolic abnormalities underlying the MetS.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
          Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab
          ajpendo
          ajpendo
          AJPENDO
          American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism
          American Physiological Society (Bethesda, MD )
          0193-1849
          1522-1555
          15 September 2015
          1 November 2015
          1 November 2016
          : 309
          : 9
          : E787-E792
          Affiliations
          [1] 1Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy;
          [2] 2Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;
          [3] 3Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland;
          [4] 4MedStar Cardiovascular Research Network, Washington, DC;
          [5] 5Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy; and
          [6] 6Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
          Author notes
          Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: C. Cardillo, Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica e Semeiotica Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy (e-mail: carmine.cardillo@ 123456rm.unicatt.it ).
          Article
          PMC4628941 PMC4628941 4628941 E-00278-2015
          10.1152/ajpendo.00278.2015
          4628941
          26374766
          2972c99f-989f-4800-9f43-17d498644982
          Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society
          History
          : 17 June 2015
          : 8 September 2015
          Categories
          Articles

          endothelin-1,obesity,endothelium,metabolic syndrome,vasodilation

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