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      Phase composition and microstructure of materials in the Ir–Ru–B system prepared by arc melting and VHP sintering

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          Abstract

          In this paper, materials in the Ir–Ru–B system with nominal compositions of Ir–Ru–2B and 3Ir–Ru–4B were synthesized by arc melting and vacuum hot press (VHP) sintering. The phase composition and microstructure were characterized using X-ray diffraction, back scatter electron imaging, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron back scatter diffraction. Different preparation processes for these Ir–Ru–B system materials were studied. The results show that Ir–Ru–2B prepared by arc melting and VHP sintering contains Ir(Ru)B 0.9 and Ru(Ir)B solid solutions, while 3Ir–Ru–4B contains Ir(Ru)B 0.9, Ru(Ir)B 2 and Ir(Ru) solid solutions. The error for the lattice parameters of the VHP sintered samples was larger than that of the arc melted samples. The energy spectrum analysis of the Ir–Ru–2B samples prepared using different processes indicates that the solubility of the solid solutions in the VHP sintered samples was higher than the solubility in the arc melted samples. The formation mechanisms for the (Ir, Ru)–B, (Ir(Ru)B 0.9, Ru(Ir)B 2 and Ru(Ir)B) and Ir(Ru) solid solutions are discussed in detail. There is more Ir(Ru) solid solution in the VHP sintered sample than in the arc melted sample, and the grain orientation of the former is more complex than that of the latter.

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          Low-Compressibility Carbon Nitrides

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            Synthesis of ultra-incompressible superhard rhenium diboride at ambient pressure.

            The quest to create superhard materials rarely strays from the use of high-pressure synthetic methods, which typically require gigapascals of applied pressure. We report that rhenium diboride (ReB2), synthesized in bulk quantities via arc-melting under ambient pressure, rivals materials produced with high-pressure methods. Microindentation measurements on ReB2 indicated an average hardness of 48 gigapascals under an applied load of 0.49 newton, and scratch marks left on a diamond surface confirmed its superhard nature. Its incompressibility along the c axis was equal in magnitude to the linear incompressibility of diamond. In situ high-pressure x-ray diffraction measurements yielded a bulk modulus of 360 gigapascals, and radial diffraction indicated that ReB2 is able to support a remarkably high differential stress. This combination of properties suggests that this material may find applications in cutting when the formation of carbides prevents the use of traditional materials such as diamond.
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              Synthesis and Design of Superhard Materials

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ijmr
                International Journal of Materials Research
                Carl Hanser Verlag
                1862-5282
                2195-8556
                15 May 2017
                : 108
                : 5
                : 378-389
                Affiliations
                a Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
                b Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Yunnan Province & Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Non-Ferrous and Precious Rare Metals Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, P. R. China
                c State Key Laboratory of Rare Precious Metals Comprehensive Utilization of New Technologies, Kunming Institute of Precious Metals, Kunming, P. R. China
                Author notes
                [* ] Correspondence address, Prof. Xiaolong Zhou, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, P. R. China, Tel.: +8687165334185, Fax: +8687165334185, E-mail: kmzxlong@ 123456163.com
                Article
                MK111492
                10.3139/146.111492
                2988c314-25c8-4e28-8591-0950b6ac38ad
                © 2017, Carl Hanser Verlag, München
                History
                : 20 September 2016
                : 9 February 2017
                : 12 April 2017
                Page count
                References: 21, Pages: 12
                Categories
                Original Contributions

                Materials technology,Materials characterization,Materials science
                Phase constitution,Arc melting,Ir–Ru–B system,Microstructure,Vacuum hot press sintering

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