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      Urban adolescents' exposure to community violence: the role of support, school safety, and social constraints in a school-based sample of boys and girls.

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          Abstract

          This study examined recent exposure to violence in the community and in other settings, protective factors, and current psychological functioning among 349 young adolescents from 9 urban middle schools. The majority (76%) of adolescents reported witnessing or being victimized by at least 1 violent event in the prior 6 months. Nearly half of adolescents who had talked about their experience of a violent event reported feeling constrained from sharing their thoughts or feelings because of others' reactions. After controlling for daily hassles, more exposure to violence was associated with more self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms. Exposure to violence was not a significant predictor of teachers' ratings of adaptive functioning or internalizing symptoms. Support from specific individuals, perceived school safety, and lower constraints for discussing violence showed protective effects in the relation between exposure to violence and specific dimensions of psychological functioning. The implications of this research for school-based interventions are discussed.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol
          Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53
          Informa UK Limited
          1537-4416
          1537-4416
          Sep 2004
          : 33
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, USA. eozer@uclink.berkeley.edu
          Article
          10.1207/s15374424jccp3303_4
          15271604
          298d2f24-51dd-44be-8c6c-e4ddbe75915e
          History

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