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      Dependência de opioide em pacientes com dor crônica Translated title: Opioid dependence in chronic pain patients

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          Abstract

          JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Apesar dos opioides serem úteis no tratamento da dor crônica não oncológica, há reservas, principalmente devido ao abuso e dependência. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever o uso de opioides em pacientes com dor crônica não oncológica. CONTEÚDO: Foram descritas as definições de tolerância, abuso e dependência, a incidência do uso de opioide e de dependência em pacientes com dor crônica, os fatores de risco, os sinais de dependência, as estratégias para reduzir o risco e o tratamento da dor em dependente. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto o diagnóstico, quanto o tratamento dos pacientes dependentes de opioides podem ser difíceis. No entanto, a dor não pode ser subtratada e o médico deve estar atento às alterações que indiquem abuso. Portanto, o conhecimento médico sobre dependência de opioides deve ser acurado para possibilitar a melhor conduta.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although opioids are useful to treat chronic non-oncologic pain, there are caveats, especially due to abuse and dependence. This study aimed at reviewing the use of opioids in chronic non-oncologic pain. CONTENTS: Definitions of tolerance, abuse and dependence, the incidence of opioid use and dependence in chronic pain patients, risk factors, dependence signs, strategies to decrease risk and pain treatment in dependent patients were described. CONCLUSION: Both diagnosis and treatment of opioid-dependent patients may be difficult. However, pain cannot be subtracted and the physician must be aware of changes indicating abuse. So, the medical understanding about opioids dependence has to be accurate to allow for better management.

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          Most cited references37

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          Opioid dependence and addiction during opioid treatment of chronic pain.

          Throughout the long history of opioid drug use by humans, it has been known that opioids are powerful analgesics, but they can cause addiction. It has also been observed, and is now substantiated by multiple reports and studies, that during opioid treatment of severe and short-term pain, addiction arises only rarely. However, when opioids are extended to patients with chronic pain, and therapeutic opioid use is not confined to patients with severe and short-lived pain, compulsive opioid seeking and addiction arising directly from opioid treatment of pain become more visible. Although the epidemiological evidence base currently available is rudimentary, it appears that problematic opioid use arises in some fraction of opioid-treated chronic pain patients, and that problematic behaviors and addiction are problems that need to be addressed. Since the potentially devastating effects of addiction can substantially offset the benefits of opioid pain relief, it seems timely to reexamine addiction mechanisms and their relevance to the practice of long-term opioid treatment for pain. This article reviews the neurobiological and genetic basis of addiction, its terminology and diagnosis, the evidence on addiction rates during opioid treatment of chronic pain and the implications of biological mechanisms in formulating rational opioid treatment regimes.
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            Defining clinical issues around tolerance, hyperalgesia, and addiction: A quantitative and qualitative outcome study of long-term opioid dosing in a chronic pain practice

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              Assessment and management of chronic pain in individuals seeking treatment for opioid dependence disorder.

              To review the problem of chronic pain in patients with substance use disorders, focusing on the prevalence of chronic pain in patients with substance dependence disorders, especially prescription opioid dependence, associated comorbidities, and the impact on drug abuse treatment response.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rdor
                Revista Dor
                Rev. dor
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo )
                2317-6393
                June 2011
                : 12
                : 2
                : 160-165
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1806-00132011000200013
                10.1590/S1806-00132011000200013
                29980eba-3b61-48a5-b095-aedb7cd3413c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1806-0013&lng=en
                Categories
                CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
                CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
                NEUROSCIENCES

                Emergency medicine & Trauma,Neurology,Neurosciences
                Opioids,Chronic pain,Dependência,Dor crônica,Opioides,Tratamento da dor,Dependence,Pain management

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