Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on the Expression of Somatostatin Receptors sst1 and sst5 in Goldfish Pituitary and Forebrain

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Abstract

In the present paper the effects of estradiol and testosterone on the expression of the types 1 and 5 somatostatin receptors (sst1 and sst5) in the goldfish forebrain and pituitary were investigated. Estradiol increased the sst1 expression in both the forebrain and pituitary in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, estradiol also increased the pituitary expression of sst5. On the other hand, testosterone had no effects on the expression of these receptor subtypes. Mature female goldfish were found to have higher sst1 and sst5 expression in the pituitary, as well as a higher expression of sst1 in the forebrain compared to sexually regressed animals. As estradiol treatment increases serum growth hormone levels in goldfish, these data suggest that sst1 and sst5 receptors are likely not directly involved in this aspect of growth hormone release.

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Most cited references 18

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Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.

P. Chomczynski, N Sacchi (1987)

A new method of total RNA isolation by a single extraction with an acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform mixture is described. The method provides a pure preparation of undegraded RNA in high yield and can be completed within 4 h. It is particularly useful for processing large numbers of samples and for isolation of RNA from minute quantities of cells or tissue samples.

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Receptors for dopamine and somatostatin: formation of hetero-oligomers with enhanced functional activity.

M Rocheville, D. Lange, Upen S Patel … (2000)

Somatostatin and dopamine are two major neurotransmitter systems that share a number of structural and functional characteristics. Somatostatin receptors and dopamine receptors are colocalized in neuronal subgroups, and somatostatin is involved in modulating dopamine-mediated control of motor activity. However, the molecular basis for such interaction between the two systems is unclear. Here, we show that dopamine receptor D2R and somatostatin receptor SSTR5 interact physically through hetero-oligomerization to create a novel receptor with enhanced functional activity. Our results provide evidence that receptors from different G protein (heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein)-coupled receptor families interact through oligomerization. Such direct intramembrane association defines a new level of molecular crosstalk between related G protein-coupled receptor subfamilies.

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Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo- and heterodimers.

Akshar Patel, Ajith U Kumar, R Sasi … (2000)

The existence of receptor dimers has been proposed for several G protein-coupled receptors. However, the question of whether G protein-coupled receptor dimers are necessary for activating or modulating normal receptor function is unclear. We address this question with somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) of which there are five distinct subtypes. By using transfected mutant and wild type receptors, as well as endogenous receptors, we provide pharmacological, biochemical, and physical evidence, based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, that activation by ligand induces SSTR dimerization, both homo- and heterodimerization with other members of the SSTR family, and that dimerization alters the functional properties of the receptor such as ligand binding affinity and agonist-induced receptor internalization and up-regulation. Double label confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that when SSTR1 and SSTR5 subtypes were coexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells and treated with agonist they underwent internalization and were colocalized in cytoplasmic vesicles. SSTR5 formed heterodimers with SSTR1 but not with SSTR4 suggesting that heterodimerization is a specific process that is restricted to some but not all receptor subtype combinations. Direct protein interaction between different members of the SSTR subfamily defines a new level of molecular cross-talk between subtypes of the SSTR and possibly related receptor families.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): NEN

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroendocrinology

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0028-3835

Title: Neuroendocrinology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 0028-3835

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0194

Publication date Subscription-year: 2003

Publication date (Print): August 2003

Publication date (Electronic): 20 August 2003

Volume: 78

Issue: 2

Pages: 81-89

Affiliations

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta, Canada

Article

Publisher ID: 71963 Other ID: Neuroendocrinology 2003;78:81–89

DOI: 10.1159/000071963

PubMed ID: 12915760

SO-VID: 29b8b62a-463c-4ccf-b294-3dcfd955f75f

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

History

Date received : 18 January 2003

Date accepted : 20 May 2003

Page count

Figures: 5, References: 50, Pages: 9

Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones on the Expression of Somatostatin Receptors sst1 and sst5 in Goldfish Pituitary and Forebrain

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Abstract

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Karger: Endocrinology

Most cited references 18

Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.

Receptors for dopamine and somatostatin: formation of hetero-oligomers with enhanced functional activity.

Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo- and heterodimers.

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