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      Defects between gapped boundaries in two-dimensional topological phases of matter

      , ,
      Physical Review B
      American Physical Society (APS)

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          Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons

          A. Kitaev (1997)
          A two-dimensional quantum system with anyonic excitations can be considered as a quantum computer. Unitary transformations can be performed by moving the excitations around each other. Measurements can be performed by joining excitations in pairs and observing the result of fusion. Such computation is fault-tolerant by its physical nature.
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            Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator

            We study the proximity effect between an s-wave superconductor and the surface states of a strong topological insulator. The resulting two dimensional state resembles a spinless p_x+ip_y superconductor, but does not break time reversal symmetry. This state supports Majorana bound states at vortices. We show that linear junctions between superconductors mediated by the topological insulator form a non chiral 1 dimensional wire for Majorana fermions, and that circuits formed from these junctions provide a method for creating, manipulating and fusing Majorana bound states.
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              Is Open Access

              Logic gates at the surface code threshold: Superconducting qubits poised for fault-tolerant quantum computing

              A quantum computer can solve hard problems - such as prime factoring, database searching, and quantum simulation - at the cost of needing to protect fragile quantum states from error. Quantum error correction provides this protection, by distributing a logical state among many physical qubits via quantum entanglement. Superconductivity is an appealing platform, as it allows for constructing large quantum circuits, and is compatible with microfabrication. For superconducting qubits the surface code is a natural choice for error correction, as it uses only nearest-neighbour coupling and rapidly-cycled entangling gates. The gate fidelity requirements are modest: The per-step fidelity threshold is only about 99%. Here, we demonstrate a universal set of logic gates in a superconducting multi-qubit processor, achieving an average single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.92% and a two-qubit gate fidelity up to 99.4%. This places Josephson quantum computing at the fault-tolerant threshold for surface code error correction. Our quantum processor is a first step towards the surface code, using five qubits arranged in a linear array with nearest-neighbour coupling. As a further demonstration, we construct a five-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state using the complete circuit and full set of gates. The results demonstrate that Josephson quantum computing is a high-fidelity technology, with a clear path to scaling up to large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum circuits.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PRBMDO
                Physical Review B
                Phys. Rev. B
                American Physical Society (APS)
                2469-9950
                2469-9969
                November 2017
                November 14 2017
                : 96
                : 19
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevB.96.195129
                29d32ae6-c9a8-41d5-84e3-d8244209ff95
                © 2017

                https://link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-license

                https://link.aps.org/licenses/aps-default-accepted-manuscript-license

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