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      Hongos aislados desde sedimentos de fiordos chilenos degradadores de oxitetraciclina Translated title: Oxytetracycline degrading fungi isolated from Chilean fjord sediments

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          Abstract

          Los hongos marinos por su condición heterótrofa, su adaptabilidad a la variabilidad ambiental y su resistencia específica a diferentes estresores, son una opción para ser empleados como restauradores de sectores contaminados con antibióticos. Con esta hipótesis se realizó la investigación en una zona de cultivo de salmones en el sur de Chile. Para ello se evaluó la concentración de oxitetraciclina (OTC) de sedimentos de diferentes zonas cercanas a jaulas de cultivo de salmón. También se aisló de sedimentos cepas de hongos para evaluar su capacidad de degradar OTC. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron en el área de estudio concentraciones de OTC que fluctuaron entre 4,62 ± 0,12 a 24,1 ± 1,03 µg g-1, en el sector Este a la balsa jaula y en los sedimentos de 100 m de profundidad. Además, de estos sedimentos se aisló 38 cepas de hongos y se identificó y trabajó con 6 cepas del Phylum Ascomycetes: Penicillium commune, Aspergillus terreus, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Epicoccum nigrum y Emericellopsis alkalina. Las pruebas de biodegradación demostraron que las cepas fueron capaces de degradar OTC en porcentajes que fluctuaron entre 76 y 92%. Los resultados representan un primer paso en la implementación de procesos que permitan la biorremediación de residuos de OTC desde los sedimentos.

          Translated abstract

          It is proposed that marine fungi are a good alternative for remediation of areas contaminated with antibiotics due to their heterotrophic condition, adaptability to environmental changes, and specific resistance to stressors. With this assumption we investigated the fjords of Southern Chile, which are characterized by salmon farming. We evaluated the concentration of oxytetracycline (OTC) in sediments from different areas surrounding salmon cages. In addition, we isolated fungi species to assess their ability to degrade OTC. Measurable amounts of OTC were detected in deeper sediments located at the eastern sector of cages and rafts (Z= 100 m; 4.62 ± 0.12 to 24.1 ± 1.03 µg g-1). Thirty-eight strains of endemic fungi were isolated and identified in the sediments near the farming center. Among these strains we detected species from the Phylum Ascomycetes, including Penicillium commune, Aspergillus terreus, Beauveria bassiana, Trichoderma harzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Emericellopsis alkaline. These strains fungi were capable of degrading about 76 to 92% of the OTC present in the culture media. The results of this study constitute a first step into implementing processes that could favor waste bioremediation from marine sediments.

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          A review of the impacts of salmonid farming on marine coastal ecosystems in the southeast Pacific

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            Salmon Aquaculture and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Marine Environment

            Antimicrobials used in salmon aquaculture pass into the marine environment. This could have negative impacts on marine environmental biodiversity, and on terrestrial animal and human health as a result of selection for bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes. We therefore measured the numbers of culturable bacteria and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments in the Calbuco Archipelago, Chile, over 12-month period at a salmon aquaculture site approximately 20 m from a salmon farm and at a control site 8 km distant without observable aquaculture activities. Three antimicrobials extensively used in Chilean salmon aquaculture (oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol) were studied. Although none of these antimicrobials was detected in sediments from either site, traces of flumequine, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial also widely used in Chile, were present in sediments from both sites during this period. There were significant increases in bacterial numbers and antimicrobial-resistant fractions to oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid, and florfenicol in sediments from the aquaculture site compared to those from the control site. Interestingly, there were similar numbers of presumably plasmid-mediated resistance genes for oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and florfenicol in unselected marine bacteria isolated from both aquaculture and control sites. These preliminary findings in one location may suggest that the current use of large amounts of antimicrobials in Chilean aquaculture has the potential to select for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in marine sediments.
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              Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional, low-input, and organic cropping systems

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                revbiolmar
                Revista de biología marina y oceanografía
                Rev. biol. mar. oceanogr.
                Universidad de Valparaíso. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-1957
                December 2016
                : 51
                : 3
                : 591-598
                Affiliations
                [02] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales Chile
                [04] Concepción orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Chile
                [01] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas orgdiv2Departamento de Botánica Chile ramonahumada@ 123456udec.cl
                [05] Chillán orgnameUniversidad del Biobío orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Naturales orgdiv2Laboratorio de Genómica & Biodiversidad Chile
                [03] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas orgdiv2Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Bioremediación Chile
                Article
                S0718-19572016000300010
                10.4067/S0718-19572016000300010
                2a0145e3-03f2-449d-b722-993b630f8c55

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 September 2016
                : 15 March 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Degradación,hongo marino,Ascomycota,oxitetraciclina,biorremediación,Degradation,marine fungi,oxytetracycline,bioremediation

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