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      RESPONSE FUNCTION FOR THE SRELATIVE INDEX IN CAMBISOL TREATED WITH AND WITHOUT BOVINE LIQUID BIOFERTILIZER Translated title: FUNÇÃO DE RESPOSTA PARA O ÍNDICE SRELATIVO EM CAMBISSOLO TRATADO COM E SEM BIOFERTILIZANTE LÍQUIDO BOVINO

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          ABSTRACT The present study aimed at assessing the influence of physical properties associated with soil structure on the Srelative index. Two soil conditions under Ficus carica L. cultivation were studied (with or without liquid bovine biofertilizer in the irrigation water), in the 0-0.1 m and 0-0.3 m layers. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from the above-mentioned layers and physical analyzes, pertinent to the study objective, were performed. The response function model was applied to verify how the soil independent physical variables influence on the Srelative index in the 0-0.1 m and 0-0.3 m layers, with 0 and 60% biofertilizer, being combined two to two. Once the response functions were known, the slopes of both functions were compared, being represented by the coefficients β11-β12 and β21-β22. This comparison enabled verifying whether there was an effect of the treatments on the response variable. In addition, the standard error of the difference between coefficients was calculated, and the Student's t-test applied. The method of multiple regression was also used to confirm the effect of the variables on the Srelative index for the 0-0.3 m layer in both treatments. Then, the variables with greater weight were selected by a backward elimination method to estimate the Srelative. The results showed that the Srelative index is strongly influenced by properties of the porous fraction, with total porosity and continuity of pores being of significant influence. Management with liquid bovine biofertilizer results in improvement in the soil structure, with effects measured by the Srelative index.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa estudar a influência de atributos físicos associados à estrutura do solo no índice Srelativo. Foram contempladas duas situações de solo (sob cultivo de Ficus carica L., sem aplicação e com aplicação de biofertilizante bovino líquido na lâmina de irrigação), nas camadas de 0-0,1 m e 0-0,3 m. Foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura preservada e não preservada nas camadas supracitadas e realizadas análises físicas pertinentes ao objetivo do estudo. Foi aplicado o modelo de função de resposta para verificar como as variáveis físicas do solo independentes influenciam no Srelativo, nas camadas de 0-0,1 m e 0-0,3 m tratadas com 0 e 60 % do biofertilizante combinadas duas a duas. Conhecidas as funções de resposta compararam-se as inclinações de ambas as funções, representadas pelos coeficientes β11-β12 e β21-β22, para verificar se houve efeito dos tratamentos na variável resposta. Além disso, calculou-se o erro padrão da diferença entre os coeficientes e aplicou-se o teste t de Student. Também foi aplicado o método de regressão múltipla para verificar o efeito das variáveis sobre o Srelativo para a camada de 0-0,3 m em ambos os tratamentos. Em seguida, por meio do método backward elimination foram selecionadas as variáveis com maior peso para a estimativa do Srelativo. Concluiu-se que o índice Srelativo é fortemente influenciado por atributos da fração porosa, sendo a porosidade total e a continuidade de poros os de influência significativa. O manejo com biofertilizante bovino líquido resulta em melhora na estrutura do solo, com efeitos mensuráveis pelo índice Srelativo.

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          Most cited references18

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          Soil physical quality: Part I. Theory, effects of soil texture, density, and organic matter, and effects on root growth

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            Revisiting the S-index for soil physical quality and its use in Brazil

            The S-index was introduced in 2004 in a publication by A.R. Dexter. S was proposed as an indicator of soil physical quality. A critical value delimiting soils with rich and poor physical quality was proposed. At present, Brazil is world leader in citations of Dexter's publication. In this publication the S-theory is mathematically revisited and extended. It is shown that S is mathematically correlated to bulk density and total porosity. As an absolute indicator, the value of S alone has proven to be incapable of predicting soil physical quality. The critical value does not always hold under boundary conditions described in the literature. This is to be expected because S is a static parameter, therefore implicitly unable to describe dynamic processes. As a relative indicator of soil physical quality, the S-index has no additional value over bulk density or total porosity. Therefore, in the opinion of the author, the fact that bulk density or total porosity are much more easily determined than the water retention curve for obtaining S disqualifies S as an advantageous indicator of relative soil physical quality. Among the several equations available for the fitting of water retention curves, the Groenevelt-Grant equation is preferable for use with S since one of its parameters and S are linearly correlated. Since efforts in soil physics research have the purpose of describing dynamic processes, it is the author's opinion that these efforts should shift towards mechanistic soil physics as opposed to the search for empirical correlations like S which, at present, represents far more than its reasonable share of soil physics in Brazil.
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              Índice S como indicador da qualidade física de solos do cerrado brasileiro

              Neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi verificar a adequação do índice S definido como sendo a declividade da curva característica de retenção da água do solo em seu ponto de inflexão, no diagnóstico da qualidade física de solos de cerrado. Nos bancos de dados dos Laboratórios de Solo das Embrapa Arroz e Feijão e Embrapa Cerrados foram selecionadas 2364 amostras, abrangendo solos sob cerrado das regiões CO, N e NE do Brasil. Valores de índice S obtidos destas amostras foram correlacionados com a densidade do solo, macroporosidade e porosidade total, considerando-se as classes texturais: muito argilosa, argilosa, argilo-arenosa, franco-argilo-arenosa, franco/franco-arenosa e areia-franca/arenosa e se buscaram, na literatura, valores limites de atributos físicos que separavam, de acordo com a textura, solos com boa e pobre qualidade estrutural e, com base neles, estabelecidos valores limites para o índice S; este índice se correlacionou altamente com os atributos físicos considerados mostrando ser um indicador adequado da qualidade física de solos de cerrado; já o valor limite de S = 0,045 mostrou-se apropriado para a divisão entre solos de boa qualidade estrutural e solos com tendência a se tornar degradados, enquanto valores de S≤0,025 indicam solos inteiramente degradados fisicamente.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcaat
                Revista Caatinga
                Rev. Caatinga
                Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, RN, Brazil )
                0100-316X
                1983-2125
                June 2018
                : 31
                : 2
                : 466-475
                Affiliations
                [2] Fortaleza Ceará orgnameUniversidade Federal do Ceará orgdiv1Department of Soil Sciences Brazil thiagoleitealencar@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                S1983-21252018000200466
                10.1590/1983-21252018v31n223rc
                2a223d25-309f-44a4-a9da-3812d044a400

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 September 2016
                : 17 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Estrutura do solo,Índice S,Organic matter,Soil structure,S index,Matéria orgânica

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