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      Adaptação cultural do questionário Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) para o Português Brasileiro Translated title: Cross-cultural adaptation of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) to Brazilian Portuguese

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          Abstract

          Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar, culturalmente, o questionário Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale(SSQ) para o Português Brasileiro.Métodos Foi realizada a tradução, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e adaptação cultural (pré-teste). A fase de adaptação cultural constou da aplicação do questionário em 40 brasileiros adultos, normo-ouvintes e alfabetizados em português. Foram elaboradas duas versões do SSQ em português, a primeira aplicada no Grupo Piloto 1 (20 sujeitos) e, após revisão do comitê de especialistas, uma segunda versão foi aplicada no Grupo Piloto 2 (20 sujeitos). Para haver equivalência cultural do questionário, é necessário que 85% dos indivíduos não apresentem dificuldades para compreender as questões. A consistência interna do SSQ, em português, foi verificada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach.Resultados Foi identificada dificuldade de compreensão na questão 14 da Parte 2 e na questão 5 da Parte 3. As demais questões foram compreendidas por mais de 85% dos participantes. As questões problemáticas foram revistas e modificadas, de forma a não alterar o contexto. Na aplicação da versão final do SSQ foi obtida uma boa equivalência cultural para o Português Brasileiro, já que 91,6% dos participantes relataram fácil entendimento de todas as questões. A análise estatística revelou alto coeficiente alpha de Cronbach (>0,8), demonstrando boa consistência interna entre os diversos itens do questionário.Conclusão A metodologia empregada foi eficaz para estabelecer a tradução e equivalência cultural do SSQ para o Português Brasileiro.

          Translated abstract

          Purpose To translate and culturally adapt the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) for Brazilian Portuguese.Methods The processes of translation, back translation, evaluation by a committee of experts and cultural adaptation (pre-test) were performed. The cultural adaptation phase consisted of application of the questionnaire in 40 literate, non-hearing impaired, Brazilian adults. Two Portuguese versions of the SSQ were prepared: the first applied in Pilot Group 1 (20 subjects) and the second, after expert committee review, applied in Pilot Group 2 (20 subjects). Cultural equivalence of the questionnaire is reached when 85% of individuals have no difficulty understanding its questions. The internal consistency of the Portuguese SSQ was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.Results Comprehension difficulties were identified for question 14 of Part 2 and Question 5 of Part 3. The remaining questions were understood by more than 85% of the participants. The problematic questions were reviewed and modified without changing their context. The final version of the SSQ showed good cultural equivalence for Brazilian Portuguese, where 91.6% of participants reported ease of understanding of all questions. Statistical analysis revealed a high Cronbach's alpha coefficient (>0.8), confirming good internal consistency between the different items of the questionnaire.Conclusion The methodology employed was effective for producing the translation and verifying the cultural equivalence of the SSQ in Brazilian Portuguese.

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          Age affects responses on the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) by adults with minimal audiometric loss.

          Age-related declines in auditory and cognitive processing may contribute to the difficulties with listening in noise that are often reported by older adults. Such difficulties are reported even by those who have relatively good audiograms that could be considered "normal" for their age (ISO 7029-2000 [ISO, 2000]). The Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ; Gatehouse and Noble, 2004) is a questionnaire developed to measure a listener's self-reported ability to hear in a variety of everyday situations, such as those that are challenging for older adults, and it can provide insights into the possible contributions of auditory and cognitive factors to their listening difficulties. The SSQ has been shown to be a sensitive and reliable questionnaire to detect benefits associated with the use of different hearing technologies and potentially other forms of intervention. Establishing how age-matched listeners with audiograms "normal" for their age rate the items on the SSQ could enable an extension of its use in audiological assessment and in setting rehabilitative goals. The main purpose of this study was to investigate how younger and older adults who passed audiometric screening and who had thresholds considered to be "normal" for their age responded on the SSQ. It was also of interest to compare these results to those reported previously for older listeners with hearing loss in an attempt to tease out the relative effects of age and hearing loss. The SSQ was administered to 48 younger (mean age = 19 yr; SD = 1.0) and 48 older (mean age = 70 yr, SD = 4.1) adults with clinically normal audiometric thresholds below 4 kHz. The younger adults were recruited through an introductory psychology course, and the older adults were volunteers from the local community. Both age groups completed the SSQ. The differences between the groups were analyzed. Correlations were used to compare the pattern of results across items for the two age groups in the present study and to assess the relationship between SSQ scores and objective measures of hearing. Comparisons were also made to published results for older adults with hearing loss. The pattern of reported difficulty across items was similar for both age groups, but younger adults had significantly higher scores than older adults on 42 of the 46 items. On average, younger adults scored 8.8 (SD = 0.6) out of 10 and older adults scored 7.7 (SD = 1.2) out of 10. By comparison, scores of 5.5 (SD = 1.9) have been reported for older adults (mean age = 71 yr, SD = 8.1) with moderate hearing loss (Gatehouse and Noble, 2004). By establishing the best scores that could reasonably be expected from younger and older adults with "normal" hearing thresholds, these results provide clinicians with information that should assist them in setting realistic targets for interventions for adults of different ages. American Academy of Audiology.
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            A factor analysis of the SSQ (Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale)

            Objective The speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing questionnaire (SSQ) is a self-report test of auditory disability. The 49 items ask how well a listener would do in many complex listening situations illustrative of real life. The scores on the items are often combined into the three main sections or into 10 pragmatic subscales. We report here a factor analysis of the SSQ that we conducted to further investigate its statistical properties and to determine its structure. Design Statistical factor analysis of questionnaire data, using parallel analysis to determine the number of factors to retain, oblique rotation of factors, and a bootstrap method to estimate the confidence intervals. Study sample 1220 people who have attended MRC IHR over the last decade. Results We found three clear factors, essentially corresponding to the three main sections of the SSQ. They are termed “speech understanding”, “spatial perception”, and “clarity, separation, and identification”. Thirty-five of the SSQ questions were included in the three factors. There was partial evidence for a fourth factor, “effort and concentration”, representing two more questions. Conclusions These results aid in the interpretation and application of the SSQ and indicate potential methods for generating average scores.
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              Younger- and older-age adults with unilateral and bilateral cochlear implants: speech and spatial hearing self-ratings and performance.

              Compare results of cochlear implantation in younger and older adults in the domains of disability and handicap, as well as in tests of word recognition and localization, across unilateral implant (CI), bilateral (CI + CI), and CI with an acoustic hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear (CI + HA). Three parts: retrospective (postimplant only) analysis; prospective (preimplant versus postimplant); correlation between age and benefit from CI versus CI + CI. Two age groups, older and younger than 60 years, for the first 2 analyses; age is a continuous variable for the third analysis. Tertiary referral hospital clinic. Postlingually severely-to-profoundly hearing-impaired adults: Totals of 68 CI, 36 CI + CI, and 38 CI + HA in the retrospective part of the study; totals of 30 CI, 18 CI + CI, and 16 CI + HA in the prospective parts. Numbers vary from these totals on individual measures. Patients receive either 1 or 2 cochlear implants; some with 1 CI opt to retain a hearing aid in the nonimplanted ear. Principal measures: Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly, Hearing Handicap Questionnaire, Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale, word recognition test, and soundfield localization test. The study is exploratory, but proceeding from a null hypothesis of no expected contrast as a function of patient age. All patient groups show significant benefit after implantation. No significant age-related differences are observed in patients with unilateral implant, nor in CI + HA group. In the CI + CI group, the younger cohort showed very substantial increases in both performance and self-rated abilities; the older cohort provides more mixed outcomes. Results for the CI group confirm and extend earlier research. The result for the younger group of CI + CI patients demonstrates the consistent incremental benefit obtained from a bilateral procedure. The mixed outcome observed in the older CI + CI group might be due to individual differences in interaction between effects of aging and the ability to integrate binaural cues.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acr
                Audiology - Communication Research
                Audiol., Commun. Res.
                Academia Brasileira de Audiologia (São Paulo )
                2317-6431
                September 2015
                : 20
                : 3
                : 215-224
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S2317-64312015000300215
                10.1590/S2317-64312015000300001572
                2a42ceb5-cc82-47c2-9f76-3bc684e4b47d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2317-6431&lng=en
                Categories
                AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY
                REHABILITATION

                Audiology,Physiotherapy
                Questionnaires,Translating,Hearing loss,Auditory perception,Hearing,Questionários,Tradução,Perda auditiva,Percepção auditiva,Audição

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