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      Medición de resultados en reimplantes en el Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (España): estudio retrospectivo Translated title: Measurement of replantation outcomes at Central University Hospital of Asturias (Spain): a retrospective study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Los reimplantes, salvo excepciones, son mejor solución para las amputaciones que la revisión del muñón, especialmente en miembro superior. En un contexto de optimización de resultados, es esencial la autoevaluación. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es recoger los resultados funcionales (incluyendo variables objetivas y subjetivas) de los reimplantes realizados en nuestro Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (España) en la última década. Material y método. Evaluamos los resultados de los reimplantes realizados en nuestro servicio desde 2010 usando una sistemática similar a la empleada para una serie de casos analizada entre 2000 y 2009. Así, presentamos los resultados funcionales objetivos en rango articular, fuerza de prensión y discriminación sensitiva usando la Tabla de Mayo Modificada para amputaciones distales a muñeca y los Criterios de Chen para las proximales. Evaluamos los resultados subjetivos con el Cuestionario de Russell. Resultados. Desde enero de 2010 se realizaron 37 intentos de reimplante de miembro superior, 6 de ellos en 2021 (excluidos del análisis global). El 83.87% fueron distales a muñeca (la mayoría con afectación del 1er dedo) y el 48.39% accidentes laborales. La mayoría de las lesiones fueron por maquinaria cortante. La supervivencia global de los fragmentos reimplantados fue del 75%, con necrosis parciales y rigideces como principales complicaciones. El resultado medio fue aceptable, con algunos buenos resultados (la mayoría pulgares). Tuvimos 2 casos proximales con buenos resultados. La satisfacción de los pacientes fue mayor que en aquellos amputados. Todos menos 1 recomendarían el procedimiento. Conclusiones. Los reimplantes son procedimientos complejos que, bien indicados, suponen un tratamiento óptimo en lesiones mutilantes de miembro superior y es el preferido por nuestros pacientes frente a la amputación. Nuestros resultados, con un número decreciente de procedimientos, son aceptables, mejores en lesiones de 1er dedo. La mayoría de los pacientes usan su mano para casi todas sus actividades, mostrándose satisfechos con el resultado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. Replantation rather than stump revision, is, with some exceptions, the best solution for amputations, specially in the upper limb. In order to optimize results, self-evaluation is essential. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to collect and analyze the functional outcomes (including objective and subjective variables) of replantation surgeries performed at our Department of Plastic Surgery at the University Central Hospital of Asturias (Spain) in the last decade. Methods. We evaluate the outcomes of replatations performed at our department from 2010, using a similar system of a previous case series from 2000 to 2009. Thus, objective functional outcomes include articular range of motion, prehension strength and sensitive discrimination regarding to Mayo Modified Table score for distal to wrist amputations and Chen Criteria for proximal ones. Subjective results were evaluated according to Russell Questionnaire. Results. From January 2010, 37 attempts of upper limb replantation were performed, 6 of them in 2021 (excluded from global analysis). 83.87% were distal to wrist (most of them affecting the thumb) and 48.39% work accidents. Most of the lesions were caused by cutting machinery. Global survival of the replanted fragments was 75%, with partial necrosis and stiffness as main complications. Mean result was acceptable, with some good results (most of them thumbs). We had 2 proximal cases with good results. Satisfaction among patients was bigger than in amputated ones. All of them but 1 would recommend the surgery. Conclusions. Replantation is a complex procedure that, when properly indicated, is an optimal treatment of cripple lesions of the upper limb and preferred by our patients rather than an amputation. Our results, with a decreasing number of procedures, are acceptable, better in thumb lesions. Most of the patients use their hand to almost of all daily life activities, showing satisfaction with the results.

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          The results of replantation after amputation of a single finger.

          We reviewed fifty-nine consecutive cases of patients who had replantation of a single finger (excluding the thumb) after traumatic amputation, with an average follow-up of fifty-three months. Fifty-one (86 per cent) of the replanted fingers survived. Survival was found to be affected by the age of the patient, the number of vessels that were anastomosed, and the replantation experience of the surgeons. The survival rate was not affected by the gender of the patient, the mechanism of injury, or which finger was amputated. As compared with survival only, the functional results were most dependent on the level of amputation. The proximal interphalangeal joint in amputated fingers that were replanted distal to the insertion of the flexor superficialis tendon had an average range of motion of 82 degrees after replantation, while those amputated proximal to the insertion had an average range of motion of only 35 degrees after replantation. The average operating time was six hours and ten minutes, and the average time until the patient returned to work was 2.3 months. Based on this experience, it is our opinion that replantation of a single finger that was amputated distal to the insertion of the flexor superficialis tendon is justified, but that replantation of a single finger that was amputated proximal to this insertion is seldom indicated.
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            Present indications and contraindications for replantation as reflected by long-term functional results.

            It is evident that the independent experiences of these hand surgery units in three completely different parts of the world are remarkable similar. For the most part, one can readily account for the differences reported on the basis of interpretations of such vague terms of evaluation as "good" or "poor" and on case selection, which is often dictated by local cultural considerations. For example, a hand with some useful prehension placed on an extremely shortened arm may be most welcome to a Chinese patient, whereas a hand attached to the humerus may be looked upon as grotesque in the Western cultures an so be psychologically devastating. Yet, such differences are minor compared with the common pattern of experience that clearly exists and upon which conclusions can be based for formulating some general guidelines. Indications for upper limb reattachments at this time are neither absolute nor static. They are relative, dynamic, and surely will change as experience increases and techniques become even more refined. Success must not be equated with tissue survival but measured only in terms of what the effort has done for the patient in a global sense. As yet, completely satisfactory system for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not chastem for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not chastem for such evaluation is not available and development of one should be an important goal. Evolution of a treatment plan requires careful consideration and synthesis of the many factors discussed here but always with a view toward what will be of greatest total benefit for our patients. This principle should not change.
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              Finger replantation: surgical technique and indications.

              In this article, we discuss the surgical technique of finger replantation in detail, distinguishing particularities of technique in cases of thumb amputation, children fingertip replantation, ring finger avulsion, and very distal replantations. We emphasize the principles of bone shortening, the spare part concept, the special importance of nerve sutures and the use of vein graft in case of avulsion or crushing. However, even if finger replantation is now a routine procedure, a clear distinction should be made between revascularization and functional success. The indications for finger replantation are then detailed in the second part of this paper. The absolute indications for replantation are thumb, multiple fingers, transmetacarpal or hand, and any upper extremity amputation in a child whatever the level. Fingertip amputations distal to the insertion of the Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) are also a good indication. Other cases are more controversial because of the poor functional outcome, especially for the index finger, which is often functionally excluded.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                June 2023
                : 49
                : 2
                : 177-186
                Affiliations
                [3] Oviedo Asturias orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica España
                [1] Oviedo Asturias orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica España
                [2] Oviedo Asturias orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica España
                Article
                S0376-78922023000200011 S0376-7892(23)04900200011
                10.4321/s0376-78922023000200011
                2a6ce9b5-ebfb-455b-8b21-37b578a1f732

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 September 2022
                : 20 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Miembro Superior

                Reimplante quirúrgico,Upper limb,Amputation,Surgical replantation,Miembro superior,Amputación

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