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      Validación de dos métodos analíticos para la determinación y cuantificación de la cafeína en yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) comercial, UV-visible y HPLC Translated title: Validation of two analytical methods for the determination and quantification of caffeine in yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil) commercial, UV-visible and HPLC

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          Abstract

          Resumen: Se ha desarrollado y validado dos metodologías analíticas para la determinación y cuantificación de la cafeína presente en un producto de yerba mate comercial tradicional, este compuesto es el responsable de la acción estimulante del mate, tereré y mate cocido; la técnica analítica utilizada para la extracción del analito de la matriz fue la de sólido-líquido a reflujo con Soxhlet y posterior separación de la fase acuosa por extracción líquido-líquido obteniendo recuperaciones entre el 80% y el 84%; se determinó y cuantificó por las técnicas cromatográfica (HPLC) y espectrofotométrica (UV-Visible) teniendo en cuenta la exactitud y precisión de los métodos empleados. El límite de detección para la técnica de UV-Visible fue de 0,101 µg. mL-1 mientras que para el HPLC fue de 0,092 µg. mL-1. El límite de cuantificación en ambas técnicas fue de 0,307 µg. mL-1. Se ha demostrado que los dos métodos analíticos son precisos, sensibles, selectivos y exactos, con límites de detección y cuantificación suficientemente bajos para emplearlos en la determinación y cuantificación de la cafeína en muestras comerciales de yerba mate. Finalizada la validación de los métodos analíticos se procedió a su aplicación analizando muestras reales de 45 g de yerba, masa estándar contenida en una guampa promedio de tereré, obteniendo como resultado para la técnica de UV-Visible 127,6 mg/45g de muestra mientras que para el HPLC 121,2 mg/45 g de muestra, obteniendo un promedio para ambas técnicas 124,4 mg en 45 gramos de muestra de yerba.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: Two analytical methodologies have been developed and validated for the determination and quantification of the caffeine present in a traditional commercial yerba mate product, this compound is responsible for the stimulating action of mate, tereré and cooked mate; The analytical technique used to extract the analyte from the matrix was the solid-liquid reflux with Soxhlet and subsequent separation of the aqueous phase by liquid-liquid extraction, obtaining recoveries between 80% and 84%; It was determined and quantified by chromatographic (HPLC) and spectrophotometric (UV-Visible) techniques, taking into account the accuracy and precision of the methods used. The detection limit for the UV-Visible technique was 0.101 µg. mL-1 while for HPLC it was 0.092 µg. mL-1. The limit of quantification in both techniques was 0.307 µg. mL-1. The two analytical methods have been shown to be precise, sensitive, selective and accurate, with limits of detection and quantification low enough to be used in the determination and quantification of caffeine in commercial samples of yerba mate. After the validation of the analytical methods, they were applied by analyzing real samples of 45 g of yerba, standard mass contained in an average tereré guampa, obtaining as a result for the UV-Visible technique 127.6 mg/45 g of sample while than for the HPLC 121.2 g of sample, obtaining an average for both techniques 124.4 mg in 45 grams of yerba sample.

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            Antiobesity effects of yerba maté extract (Ilex paraguariensis) in high-fat diet-induced obese mice.

            Because the potential of yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) has been suggested in the management of obesity, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba maté extract on weight loss, obesity-related biochemical parameters, and the regulation of adipose tissue gene expression in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Thirty animals were randomly assigned to three groups. The mice were introduced to standard or high-fat diets. After 12 weeks on a high-fat diet, mice were randomly assigned according to the treatment (water or yerba maté extract 1.0 g/kg). After treatment intervention, plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and glucose were evaluated. Adipose tissue was examined to determine the mRNA levels of several genes such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), leptin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2), CCL receptor-2 (CCR2), angiotensinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), adiponectin, resistin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(2) (PPAR-gamma(2)), uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), and PPAR-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha). The F4/80 levels were determined by immunoblotting. We found that obese mice treated with yerba maté exhibited marked attenuation of weight gain, adiposity, a decrease in epididymal fat-pad weight, and restoration of the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and glucose. The gene and protein expression levels were directly regulated by the high-fat diet. After treatment with yerba maté extract, we observed a recovery of the expression levels. In conclusion, our data show that yerba maté extract has potent antiobesity activity in vivo. Additionally, we observed that the treatment had a modulatory effect on the expression of several genes related to obesity.
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              Antioxidant effects of Ilex paraguariensis: induction of decreased oxidability of human LDL in vivo.

              We have recently demonstrated that Ilex paraguariensis extracts inhibit LDL oxidation in vitro exhibiting a potency comparable to that of ascorbic acid (Gugliucci, A. and Stahl, A.J.C. 1995; Biochem Mol Biol Int 35, 47-56). In the present work we extend our observations to the in vivo situation. We first examined the oxidability of LDL in whole plasma from healthy fasted human subjects before and after intake of Ilex paraguariensis. Intake of water extracts of Ilex paraguariensis inhibit copper-induced autoxidation of LDL in whole plasma as shown by the end-term production of TBARS, and as a consequence are able to impair the appearance of Schiff base induced fluorescence, higher electrophoretic mobility and fragmentation of apoB. When LDL was isolated from plasma prior to oxidation no significant differences in lag-time, slope or maximum rate of oxidation could be detected. We then conclude that antioxidants in Ilex paraguariensis are absorbed and reach sufficient high levels in plasma to inhibit copper-induced LDL autoxidation by increasing aqueous-phase antioxidant capacity.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcfacen
                Reportes científicos de la FACEN
                Rep. cient. FACEN
                Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (San Lorenzo, , Paraguay )
                2222-145X
                June 2021
                : 12
                : 1
                : 48-58
                Affiliations
                [1] Campus Universitario, San Lorenzo Asunción orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Asunción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Paraguay juliobenitez@ 123456facen.una.py
                Article
                S2222-145X2021000100048 S2222-145X(21)01200100048
                10.18004/rcfacen.2021.12.1.48
                2a6d4b06-11bf-4a56-89ec-0729e7e64a63

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 May 2021
                : 27 April 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                yerba mate,cafeína,validación,espectrofotometría,cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución (HPLC),caffeine,validation,spectrophotometry,high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

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