Examining the relationship between health literacy and quality of life: evidence from older people admitted to the hospital

Abstract

Introduction

Literacy has become an increasingly serious problem, especially as it relates to health care. In this regard, health literacy (HL), as a cognitive skill, has proven to be an influential factor to improve of the quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to examine the level of HL and its relationship with the QOL of older people at the time of discharge from the hospital in the south of Iran.

Methods

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study included 300 older people admitted and treated in 10 teaching-therapeutic hospitals affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2021. The standard Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to collect the required data. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 23 software using descriptive and inferential statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, T-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression at p = 0.05.

Results

The mean scores of Hl and QOL for older people were 48.22 ± 9.63 (out of 100) and 61.59 ± 12.43 (out of 120), respectively. Moreover, there was a significant direct correlation between the participants’ HL and their QOL ( r=0.388, p<0.001). All dimensions of HL, including comprehension ( β=0.461, p<0.001), decision-making and behavior ( β=0.434, p<0.001), access ( β=0.397, p<0.001), reading skill ( β=0.362, p=0.002), and assessment ( β=0.278, p=0.004), were significant relationship with QOL. A statistically significant difference was revealed between the mean scores of HL regarding the participants’ gender ( p=0.04) and level of education ( p=0.001). Furthermore, the mean scores of QOL were significantly different with regard to older people’s gender ( p=0.02), marital status ( p=0.03), level of education ( p=0.002), and income ( p=0.01).

Conclusion

The findings revealed the participants’ inadequate HL and average QOL. Considering the relationship of HL with QOL, it is recommended to develop comprehensive programs and effective interventions to develop HL skills and subsequently improve QOL among older people.