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      Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine

      review-article
      Author(s): 1 ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
      Publisher: BioMed Central
      Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanotubes, medicine, biology, applications

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity. This brief review tries to summarise the most recent developments in the field of applied nanomaterials, in particular their application in biology and medicine, and discusses their commercialisation prospects.

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          Most cited references31

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          Semiconductor nanocrystals as fluorescent biological labels.

          M Bruchez, M Moronne, P Gin … (1998)
          Semiconductor nanocrystals were prepared for use as fluorescent probes in biological staining and diagnostics. Compared with conventional fluorophores, the nanocrystals have a narrow, tunable, symmetric emission spectrum and are photochemically stable. The advantages of the broad, continuous excitation spectrum were demonstrated in a dual-emission, single-excitation labeling experiment on mouse fibroblasts. These nanocrystal probes are thus complementary and in some cases may be superior to existing fluorophores.
          Article 0 comments Cited 811 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Quantum dot bioconjugates for ultrasensitive nonisotopic detection.

            W Chan, S Nie (1998)
            Highly luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (zinc sulfide-capped cadmium selenide) have been covalently coupled to biomolecules for use in ultrasensitive biological detection. In comparison with organic dyes such as rhodamine, this class of luminescent labels is 20 times as bright, 100 times as stable against photobleaching, and one-third as wide in spectral linewidth. These nanometer-sized conjugates are water-soluble and biocompatible. Quantum dots that were labeled with the protein transferrin underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured HeLa cells, and those dots that were labeled with immunomolecules recognized specific antibodies or antigens.
            Article 0 comments Cited 703 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Nanoparticle-based bio-bar codes for the ultrasensitive detection of proteins.

              Jwa-Min Nam, C. Shad Thaxton, Chad A. Mirkin (2003)
              An ultrasensitive method for detecting protein analytes has been developed. The system relies on magnetic microparticle probes with antibodies that specifically bind a target of interest [prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in this case] and nanoparticle probes that are encoded with DNA that is unique to the protein target of interest and antibodies that can sandwich the target captured by the microparticle probes. Magnetic separation of the complexed probes and target followed by dehybridization of the oligonucleotides on the nanoparticle probe surface allows the determination of the presence of the target protein by identifying the oligonucleotide sequence released from the nanoparticle probe. Because the nanoparticle probe carries with it a large number of oligonucleotides per protein binding event, there is substantial amplification and PSA can be detected at 30 attomolar concentration. Alternatively, a polymerase chain reaction on the oligonucleotide bar codes can boost the sensitivity to 3 attomolar. Comparable clinically accepted conventional assays for detecting the same target have sensitivity limits of approximately 3 picomdar, six orders of magnitude less sensitive than what is observed with this method.
              Article 0 comments Cited 338 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nanobiotechnology
                Title: Journal of Nanobiotechnology
                Publisher: BioMed Central (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-3155
                Publication date Collection: 2004
                Publication date (Electronic): 30 April 2004
                Volume: 2
                Page: 3
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1477-3155-2-3
                DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-2-3
                PMC ID: 419715
                PubMed ID: 15119954
                SO-VID: 2aa59230-a870-4b5d-ae9a-75f1e9297309
                Copyright © Copyright © 2004 Salata; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
                History
                Date received : 23 December 2003
                Date accepted : 30 April 2004
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: nanotechnology,nanotubes,nanomaterials,biology,medicine,quantum dots,nanoparticles,applications
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biotechnology
                Keywords: nanotechnology, nanotubes, nanomaterials, biology, medicine, quantum dots, nanoparticles, applications

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