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      Rasgos de la personalidad asociados al consumo de sustancias en jóvenes en contexto de vulnerabilidad Translated title: Personality traits associated with the substance consumption in young people in a context of vulnerability

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Analizar los patrones de consumo de alcohol y cannabis, y sus factores asociados, en jóvenes de 16-21 años en contexto de vulnerabilidad. Método: Estudio transversal a partir del cuestionario pretest de un estudio de evaluación, administrado a una muestra de conveniencia de 365 jóvenes provenientes de Programas de Formación e Inserción (PFI) o que asistieran a actividades de entidades comunitarias de barrios desfavorecidos de Barcelona. Las variables dependientes fueron el consumo de alcohol y cannabis experimental, regular y problemático. Las variables independientes fueron la impulsividad, la búsqueda de sensaciones, las expectativas y las creencias en relación con el consumo de drogas, las habilidades sociales y variables contextuales. Las asociaciones se establecieron mediante modelos de regresión logística multivariados. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo intensivo de alcohol (24,2% para binge drinking y 33,3% para borracheras) y de consumo de cannabis experimental (51,1%) y problemático (12,9%) fue mayor en estudiantes de PFI que en jóvenes de entidades. Asimismo, presentaban mayores puntuaciones en las escalas de impulsividad, búsqueda de sensaciones, expectativas y creencias favorables al consumo de alcohol. En general, la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol experimental fue superior en las chicas que en los chicos. El binge drinking regular se asoció con la búsqueda de sensaciones intensas (odds ratio ajustada [ORa]: 1,06; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,01-1,12), mientras que asistir a PFI se asoció con un con- sumo problemático de cannabis (ORa: 2,73; IC95%: 1,26-5,89). Las expectativas favorables al consumo de alcohol y cannabis se asociaron con un consumo problemático respectivo. Conclusión: El riesgo individual, vinculado a las trayectorias de mayor riesgo de los estudiantes de PFI, se asocia con un mayor consumo problemático de alcohol y de cannabis que en los/las jóvenes de entidades comunitarias expuestos/as a un riesgo ambiental de alta frecuencia de consumo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To analyze the patterns of alcohol and cannabis consumption, and their associated factors, in young people aged 16 and 21 in a context of vulnerability. Method: Cross-sectional study based on a pre-test questionnaire from an evaluation study, administered to a convenience sample of 365 young people from Social Guarantee Programs (SGP), or who attended activities of community entities from disadvantaged neighborhoods in Barcelona. Dependent variables were experimental, regular, and problematic alcohol and cannabis consumption, while independent variables were impulsivity, sensation seeking, expectations, and beliefs regarding drug use, social skills, and contextual variables. Associations were established using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: The prevalence of intensive alcohol consumption (24.2% for binge drinking and 33.3% for binge drinking) and experimental (51.1%) and problematic cannabis use (12.9%) was higher in SGP students than entity youth. Likewise, they presented higher scores on the impulsivity scales, sensation seeking, expectations and beliefs favorable to alcohol consumption. In general, the prevalence of experimental alcohol consumption was higher in girls than in boys. Regular binge drinking was associated with intense sensations seeking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.06; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.01-1.12), while attending SGP was associated with problematic cannabis use (aOR: 2.73; 95%CI: 1.26-5.89). Positive expectations to alcohol and cannabis use were associated with problematic substance use. Conclusion: Individual risk, linked to the higher risk trajectories of SGP students, is associated with a higher problematic consumption of alcohol and cannabis than in young people from community entities exposed to an environmental risk of high frequency of consumption.

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          Most cited references35

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          Impulsivity as a determinant and consequence of drug use: a review of underlying processes.

          Impulsive behaviors are closely linked to drug use and abuse, both as contributors to use and as consequences of use. Trait impulsivity is an important determinant of drug use during development, and in adults momentary 'state' increases in impulsive behavior may increase the likelihood of drug use, especially in individuals attempting to abstain. Conversely, acute and chronic effects of drug use may increase impulsive behaviors, which may in turn facilitate further drug use. However, these effects depend on the behavioral measure used to assess impulsivity. This article reviews data from controlled studies investigating different measures of impulsive behaviors, including delay discounting, behavioral inhibition and a newly proposed measure of inattention. Our findings support the hypothesis that drugs of abuse alter performance across independent behavioral measures of impulsivity. The findings lay the groundwork for studying the cognitive and neurobiological substrates of impulsivity, and for future studies on the role of impulsive behavior as both facilitator and a result of drug use.
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            Researching health inequalities in adolescents: the development of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) family affluence scale.

            Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent health have been little studied until recently, partly due to the lack of appropriate and agreed upon measures for this age group. The difficulties of measuring adolescent socioeconomic status (SES) are both conceptual and methodological. Conceptually, it is unclear whether parental SES should be used as a proxy, and if so, which aspect of SES is most relevant. Methodologically, parental SES information is difficult to obtain from adolescents resulting in high levels of missing data. These issues led to the development of a new measure, the Family Affluence Scale (FAS), in the context of an international study on adolescent health, the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study. The paper reviews the evolution of the measure over the past 10 years and its utility in examining and explaining health related inequalities at national and cross-national levels in over 30 countries in Europe and North America. We present an overview of HBSC papers published to date that examine FAS-related socioeconomic inequalities in health and health behaviour, using data from the HBSC study. Findings suggest consistent inequalities in self-reported health, psychosomatic symptoms, physical activity and aspects of eating habits at both the individual and country level. FAS has recently been adopted, and in some cases adapted, by other research and policy related studies and this work is also reviewed. Finally, ongoing FAS validation work is described together with ideas for future development of the measure.
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              Risk and protective factors for alcohol and other drug problems in adolescence and early adulthood: implications for substance abuse prevention.

              The authors suggest that the most promising route to effective strategies for the prevention of adolescent alcohol and other drug problems is through a risk-focused approach. This approach requires the identification of risk factors for drug abuse, identification of methods by which risk factors have been effectively addressed, and application of these methods to appropriate high-risk and general population samples in controlled studies. The authors review risk and protective factors for drug abuse, assess a number of approaches for drug abuse prevention potential with high-risk groups, and make recommendations for research and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                December 2021
                : 35
                : 6
                : 542-550
                Affiliations
                [5] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Departament de Mètodes d'Investigació i Diagnòstic en Educació Spain
                [4] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut Spain
                [1] Barcelona orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona España
                [2] orgnameCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) España
                [3] Barcelona orgnameInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau) España
                Article
                S0213-91112021000600542 S0213-9111(21)03500600542
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.08.004
                2aa795e7-dba9-468b-a6c8-cd65d4601f99

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 August 2020
                : 21 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Habilidades sociales,Social skills,Vulnerabilidad social,Alcohol,Cannabis,Adolescent,Personality,Adolescente,Personalidad,Social vulnerability

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