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      A new species of cave catfish, genus Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), from the Magdalena River system, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia Translated title: Una nueva especie de bagre de caverna, género Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), del sistema río Magdalena, cordillera Oriental, Colombia

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          Abstract

          Abstract A new species of troglomorphic catfish is described from de Gedania Cave, located in the middle Suárez River drainage, Magdalena River system, Colombia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: reduction or loss of the cornea, reduction of eyes and skin pigmentation, very long nasal and maxillary barbels (maximum of 160% and 135% of HL, respectively), nine branched pectoral-fin rays, first unbranched ray of the pectoral fin prolonged as a long filament, reaching 80% of pectoral-fin length, anterior cranial fontanel connected with the posterior fontanel through an opening of variable length and width, first dorsalfin pterygiophore inserted between neural spines of free vertebra 13-14 and free vertebrae 33-34. The presence of troglomorphisms such as regression of the eyes, reduction of skin pigmentation and long barbels suggest the troglobitic status of this species. A comparative analysis with other species of Trichomycterus from epigean and hypogean environments is presented.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Una nueva especie de bagre troglomorfo es descrito de la cueva de Gedania, cuenca media del río Suárez, sistema río Magdalena, Colombia. La nueva especie puede distinguirse de sus congéneres por la combinación de los caracteres de reducción o pérdida de la córnea, reducción de ojos y pigmentación de la piel, barbillas nasales y maxilares muy largas (máximo 160 % y 135 % de LC respectivamente), nueve radios ramificados de la aleta pectoral, primer radio simple de la aleta pectoral prolongado como un filamento largo, alcanzando 80 % de la longitud de la aleta pectoral, fontanela craneal anterior conectada con la fontanela posterior por una apertura de amplitud y longitud variable, primer pterigioforo de la aleta dorsal insertado entre la espina neural de la vértebra libre 13-14 y 33-34 vertebras libres. La presencia de características troglomorficas como la regresión de ojos y reducción de la pigmentación, así como barbillas largas sugieren el estatus troglobítico de la especie. Se presenta un análisis comparativo con otras especies de Trichomycterus de ambientes epigeos e hipogeos.

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          Dorsolateral head muscles of the catfish families Nematogenyidae and Trichomycteridae (Siluriformes: Loricarioidei): comparative anatomy and phylogenetic analysis

          The skeletal muscles of the dorsolateral region of the head of the Nematogenyidae and representatives of the all major clades of the Trichomycteridae are described and illustrated. A hypothesis on the phylogenetic relationships among these taxa exclusively based on the surveyed musculature is presented. The single most parsimonious cladogram obtained from the phylogenetic analysis of the 36 myological characters gathered and 35 terminal-taxa mostly agrees with the previous hypotheses of trichomycterid intrarelationships. The Copionodontinae and Trichogeninae form a monophyletic lineage that is the sister-group to all remaining trichomycterids. The monophyly of the clades formed by Glanapteryginae plus Sarcoglanidinae; Stegophilinae plus Tridentinae plus Vandelliinae; and the assemblage comprising all of these five subfamilies (TSVSG clade) is corroborated. Two of our findings are, however, discordant with the previous prevailing hypotheses: the sister-group relationship among Tridentinae and Stegophilinae and the monophyly of the Trichomycterinae lato sensu, i. e., including the genera Scleronema and Ituglanis. In addition, the previously proposed osteological synapomorphies supporting the close affinities of Scleronema and Ituglanis with the TSVSG clade were revised, revealing that they are either invalid or ambiguous. Most of the synapomorphies herein proposed are homoplasy-free, with some of them corroborating the monophyly of weakly-supported groups, such as Stegophilinae. Os músculos esqueléticos da região dorsolateral da cabeça de Nematogenyidae e de representantes de todos os maiores clados de Trichomycteridae são descritos e ilustrados. Uma hipótese das relações filogenéticas entre estes táxons, baseada exclusivamente na musculatura estudada, é apresentada. O único cladograma mais parcimonioso obtido da análise filogenética dos 36 caracteres miológicos levantados e 35 táxons-terminais concorda com a maior parte das hipóteses anteriores de relações entre os tricomicterídeos. Copionodontinae e Trichogeninae formam uma linhagem monofilética que é grupo-irmã de todos os demais tricomicterídeos. O monofiletismo dos clados formados por Glanapteryginae mais Sarcoglanidinae; Stegophilinae mais Tridentinae mais Vandelliinae; e do agrupamento incluindo estas cinco subfamílias (clado TSVSG) é corroborado. Duas de nossas descobertas são, entretanto, discordantes com relação às hipóteses anteriores mais aceitas: a relação de grupo-irmão entre Tridentinae e Stegophilinae e o monofiletismo de Trichomycterinae lato sensu, i. e., incluindo os gêneros Scleronema e Ituglanis. Além disso, as sinapomorfias osteológicas previamente propostas suportando as relações de afinidade de Scleronema e Ituglanis com o clado TSVSG foram revisadas, revelando serem inválidas ou ambíguas. A maior parte das sinapomorfias aqui propostas são livres de homoplasias, com algumas delas corroborando o monofiletismo de grupos fracamente suportados, tais como o da subfamília Stegophilinae.
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            The end of regressive evolution: examining and interpreting the evidence from cave fishes

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              Convergent Adaptations to Cave Life in the Rhamdia Laticauda Catfish Group (Pimelodidae, Teleostei)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                biota
                Biota colombiana
                Biota colombiana
                Instituto Alexander von Humboldt (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0124-5376
                2539-200X
                June 2018
                : 19
                : suppl 1
                : 117-130
                Affiliations
                [1] Villavicencio orgnameUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia Colombia cesar.castellanosm@ 123456campusucc.edu.co
                Article
                S0124-53762018000300117
                10.21068/c2018.v19s1a10
                2aade4cd-a074-4496-8b9c-d9afab268107

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2018
                : 31 August 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 14
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Articles

                Sistemática,Región andina,Hábitat subterráneo,Taxonomy,Troglobite,Taxonomía,Troglobio,Andean región,Subterranean hábitat,Systematics

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