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      In situ monitoring of the Li–O2 electrochemical reaction on nanoporous gold using electrochemical AFM

      Author(s): 1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 2 , 3
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Chem. Commun.
      Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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          Abstract

          In situ imaging of the Li–O 2 electrochemical reaction on nanoporous gold shows the formation and decomposition of Li 2O 2 nanoparticles at low overpotentials.

          Abstract

          The lithium–oxygen (Li–O 2) electrochemical reaction on nanoporous gold (NPG) is observed using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging coupled with potentiostatic measurement. Dense Li 2O 2 nanoparticles form a film at 2.5 V, which is decomposed at 3.8–4.0 V in an ether-based electrolyte.

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          Lithium−Air Battery: Promise and Challenges

          G Girishkumar, B D McCloskey, A Luntz … (2010)
          Article 0 comments Cited 526 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            A stable cathode for the aprotic Li-O2 battery.

            Muhammed M. Ottakam Thotiyl, Stefan A. Freunberger, Zhangquan Peng … (2013)
            Rechargeable lithium-air (O2) batteries are receiving intense interest because their high theoretical specific energy exceeds that of lithium-ion batteries. If the Li-O2 battery is ever to succeed, highly reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 must take place at the cathode on cycling. However, carbon, used ubiquitously as the basis of the cathode, decomposes during Li2O2 oxidation on charge and actively promotes electrolyte decomposition on cycling. Replacing carbon with a nanoporous gold cathode, when in contact with a dimethyl sulphoxide-based electrolyte, does seem to demonstrate better stability. However, nanoporous gold is not a suitable cathode; its high mass destroys the key advantage of Li-O2 over Li ion (specific energy), it is too expensive and too difficult to fabricate. Identifying a suitable cathode material for the Li-O2 cell is one of the greatest challenges at present. Here we show that a TiC-based cathode reduces greatly side reactions (arising from the electrolyte and electrode degradation) compared with carbon and exhibits better reversible formation/decomposition of Li2O2 even than nanoporous gold (>98% capacity retention after 100 cycles, compared with 95% for nanoporous gold); it is also four times lighter, of lower cost and easier to fabricate. The stability may originate from the presence of TiO2 (along with some TiOC) on the surface of TiC. In contrast to carbon or nanoporous gold, TiC seems to represent a more viable, stable, cathode for aprotic Li-O2 cells.
            Article 0 comments Cited 181 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Atomic origins of the high catalytic activity of nanoporous gold.

              Ling-Li Zhang, Takeshi Fujita, Jonah Erlebacher … (2012)
              Distinct from inert bulk gold, nanoparticulate gold has been found to possess remarkable catalytic activity towards oxidation reactions. The catalytic performance of nanoparticulate gold strongly depends on size and support, and catalytic activity usually cannot be observed at characteristic sizes larger than 5 nm. Interestingly, significant catalytic activity can be retained in dealloyed nanoporous gold (NPG) even when its feature lengths are larger than 30 nm. Here we report atomic insights of the NPG catalysis, characterized by spherical-aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and environmental TEM. A high density of atomic steps and kinks is observed on the curved surfaces of NPG, comparable to 3-5 nm nanoparticles, which are stabilized by hyperboloid-like gold ligaments. In situ TEM observations provide compelling evidence that the surface defects are active sites for the catalytic oxidation of CO and residual Ag stabilizes the atomic steps by suppressing {111} faceting kinetics.
              Article 0 comments Cited 176 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CHCOFS
                Title: Chem. Commun.
                Abbreviated Title: Chem. Commun.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1359-7345
                ISSN (Electronic): 1364-548X
                Publication date Created: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 2014
                Volume: 50
                Issue: 20
                Pages: 2628-2631
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Byon Initiative Research Unit (IRU)
                [2 ]RIKEN
                [3 ]Wako-shi, Japan
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C3CC49625B
                SO-VID: 2ad3ae57-6f3a-4e35-bf78-64c1b23b18f9
                Copyright © © 2014
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