Frequency of adenovirus serotype 8 in patients with Keratoconjunctivitis, in Ahvaz, Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is an extremely frequent ophthalmological disease caused by various serological subtypes of human adenovirus (HAdV) worldwide. Adenoviruses serotypes 8, 11, 19, 37 frequently cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). This study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of adenovirus serotypes in patients with EKC in Ahvaz, Iran.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-eight ocular swabs were collected from patients with EKC. The specimens were analyzed for detection of adenovirus by standard PCR. The PCR products were further sequenced and analyzed to determine the serotypes.

Results:

The study population consisted of 49/88 (55.7%) males and 39/88 (44.3%) females. Among them 25 (51.02%) males and 22 (56.41%) females were positive for HAdV serotype 8 ( p= 0.488). Overall forty-seven (53.4%) samples were positive for AdV serotype 8 while forty-one patients (46.59%) were negative for the adenovirus serotypes.

Conclusion:

The results of this study revealed predominanance of HAdV 8 with high prevalence of 53.4% among patients with Keratoconjunctivitis. Forty-one patients (46.59%) were negative for adenovirus. Still, the role for other related viruses such as enteroviruses need to be investigated in patients with EKC.

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Most cited references 36

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Human adenovirus: Viral pathogen with increasing importance

Beniam Ghebremedhin (2014)

The aim of this review is to describe the biology of human adenovirus (HAdV), the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of adenoviral epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and to present a practical update on its diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. There are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical syndromes: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF), which are caused by different HAdV serotypes. The exact incidence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is still poorly known. However, cases are more frequent during warmer months. The virus is endemic in the general population, and frequently causes severe disease in immunocompromised patients, especially the pediatric patients. Contagion is possible through direct contact or fomites, and the virus is extremely resistant to different physical and chemical agents. The clinical signs or symptoms of conjunctival infection are similar to any other conjunctivitis, with a higher incidence of pseudomembranes. In the cornea, adenoviral infection may lead to keratitis nummularis. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but its etiology can be confirmed using cell cultures, antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction or immunochromatography. Multiple treatments have been tried for this disease, but none of them seem to be completely effective. Prevention is the most reliable and recommended strategy to control this contagious infection.

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Molecular typing of human adenoviruses by PCR and sequencing of a partial region of the hexon gene.

Xin Lu, Dean Erdman (2006)

Human adenoviruses (Ads) are responsible for a substantial disease burden. Type-specific identification of Ads can help guide therapeutic and disease prevention strategies and aid epidemiological investigations. Immunotyping of Ads by serum neutralization (SN) is laborious and time consuming and depends upon type-specific antisera that are in short supply. A rapid molecular typing assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of Ad hexon gene hyper-variable regions 1-6 (HVR(1-6)) known to contain type-specific epitopes was evaluated as an alternative to SN. Deduced amino acid sequences of HVR(1-6) obtained from all 51 currently recognized Ad prototype strains were well resolved, with the exception of types 15 and 29, which were identical. Of 192 temporally and geographically diverse Ad field isolates sequenced in this study, and 111 previously published sequences, all more closely matched their predicted prototype strains. Ads were also detected and correctly identified directly from 24 clinical specimens positive by culture or antigen detection. PCR and sequencing of HVR(1-6) offers a practical alternative to SN for typing most Ads and can be readily adapted for use in laboratories with molecular capabilities.

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Rapid typing of human adenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonuclease analysis.

M-A Allard, G Wadell, B Albinsson (2001)

We have developed a system for rapid typing of adenoviruses (Ads) based on a combination of PCR and restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion (PCR-RE digestion). Degenerated consensus primers were designed, allowing amplification of DNA from all 51 human Ad prototype strains and altogether 44 different genome variants of Ad serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 19, 40, and 41. The 301-bp amplimer of 22 prototype strains representing all six subgenera and the genome variant was selected as a target for sequencing to look for subgenus and genome type variabilities. The sequences obtained were used to facilitate the selection of specific REs for discrimination purposes in a diagnostic assay by following the concept of cleavage or noncleavage of the 301-bp amplimer. On the basis of these results, a flowchart was constructed, allowing identification of subgenus B:2 and D serotypes and almost complete distinction of subgenus A, B:1, C, E, and F serotypes. Application of the PCR-RE digestion system to clinical samples allowed typing of 34 of 40 clinical samples positive for Ad. The genome type determined by this method was identical to that obtained by traditional RE typing of full-length Ad DNA. The remaining six samples were positive only after a nested PCR. Therefore, to reduce the risk of false-negative results, samples scored negative by the PCR-RE digestion system should be evaluated by the described nested PCR. Used in combination, the PCR-RE digestion method and the nested PCR provide a reliable and sensitive system that can easily be applied to all kinds of clinical samples when rapid identification of adenoviruses is needed.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Microbiol

Journal ID (publisher-id): IJM

Journal ID (pmc): IJM

Title: Iranian Journal of Microbiology

Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences

ISSN (Print): 2008-3289

ISSN (Electronic): 2008-4447

Publication date (Print): April 2019

Volume: 11

Issue: 2

Pages: 129-136

Affiliations

[1 ]Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

[2 ]Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

[3 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Imam Khomaini Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Manoochehr Makvandi, Ph.D, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Tel: +98-6133354389, Fax: +98-6133361544, Email: manoochehrmakvandi299@ 123456gmail.com

Article

Publisher ID: ijm-11-129

PMC ID: 6635320

PubMed ID: 31341567

SO-VID: 2ad87232-50e3-48ce-b258-626fef16fbeb

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Frequency of adenovirus serotype 8 in patients with Keratoconjunctivitis, in Ahvaz, Iran

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Abstract

Background and Objectives:

Materials and Methods:

Results:

Conclusion:

Related collections

Microbiology Society

Most cited references 36

Human adenovirus: Viral pathogen with increasing importance

Molecular typing of human adenoviruses by PCR and sequencing of a partial region of the hexon gene.

Rapid typing of human adenoviruses by a general PCR combined with restriction endonuclease analysis.

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