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      The crucial contribution of the universities on the SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in Ecuador: Lessons for developing countries

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      Author(s): a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , b , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , 1 , a , a , b , b , b , a , a , b , * , on behalf of "The UDLA-COVID-19 Team" a , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: One Health
      Publisher: The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
      Keywords: Ecuador, SARS-CoV-2, RT-PCR, Surveillance, Neglected communities

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          Abstract

          COVID-19 pandemic has challenged public health systems worldwide, particularly affecting developing countries in Latin America like Ecuador. In this report, we exposed the fundamental role of the Ecuadorian universities to improve COVID-19 surveillance in the country, with an overall contribution over 15% of the total SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests done. We highlight the role of our university during the first semester of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to a massive free SARS-CoV-2 testing up to almost 10% of the total diagnosis completed in the country, mainly focus on underserved urban, rural and indigenous communities. Finally, we described our contribution to a high quality and low-cost SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR diagnostic in Ecuador.

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          Clinical, molecular and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV2 virus and the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review

          Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Lenin Gómez-Barreno … (2020)
          Coronaviruses are an extensive family of viruses that can cause disease in both animals and humans. The current classification of coronaviruses recognizes 39 species in 27 subgenera that belong to the family Coronaviridae. From those, at least seven coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections in humans. Four of these viruses can cause common cold-like symptoms. Those that infect animals can evolve and become infectious to humans. Three recent examples of these viral jumps include SARS CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS CoV-2 virus. They are responsible for causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and the most recently discovered coronavirus disease during 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. The rapid spread of the disease has taken the scientific and medical community by surprise. Latest figures from 20th May 2020 show more than 5 million people had been infected with the virus, causing more than 330,000 deaths in over 210 countries worldwide. The large amount of information received daily relating to COVID-19 is so abundant and dynamic that medical staff, health authorities, academics and the media are not able to keep up with this new pandemic. In order to offer a clear insight of the extensive literature available, we have conducted a comprehensive literature review of the SARS CoV-2 Virus and the Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19).
          Article 0 comments Cited 162 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador

            Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Katherine Simbaña-Rivera, Lenin Gómez Barreno … (2021)
            The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly around the globe. Nevertheless, there is limited information describing the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients in Latin America. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 9,468 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Ecuador. We calculated overall incidence, mortality, case fatality rates, disability adjusted life years, attack and crude mortality rates, as well as relative risk and relative odds of death, adjusted for age, sex and presence of comorbidities. A total of 9,468 positive COVID-19 cases and 474 deaths were included in the analysis. Men accounted for 55.4% (n = 5, 247) of cases and women for 44.6% (n = 4, 221). We found the presence of comorbidities, being male and older than 65 years were important determinants of mortality. Coastal regions were most affected by COVID-19, with higher mortality rates than the highlands. Fatigue was reported in 53.2% of the patients, followed by headache (43%), dry cough (41.7%), ageusia (37.1%) and anosmia (36.1%). We present an analysis of the burden of COVID-19 in Ecuador. Our findings show that men are at higher risk of dying from COVID-19 than women, and risk increases with age and the presence of comorbidities. We also found that blue-collar workers and the unemployed are at greater risk of dying. These early observations offer clinical insights for the medical community to help improve patient care and for public health officials to strengthen Ecuador’s response to the outbreak.
            Article 0 comments Cited 54 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Evaluation of nCoV-QS (MiCo BioMed) for RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal samples using CDC FDA EUA qPCR kit as a gold standard: an example of the need of validation studies

              Byron Freire-Paspuel, Patricio Vega-Mariño, Alberto Vélez … (2020)
              Highlights • Line 29 and Line 77. The RNA extraction control in the CDC assay is RNase P. Please correct. • Corrected on the text. • In the abstract, please remove or rephrase limitation #3. Since the assay is real time RT-PCR, a quantitated standard could be used to to generate viral load data. • line 20 deleted 3) no capacity to quantify viral load. • Deleted from the text. We only mention on the discussion that viral load cannot be calculated with the control provided in the kit, but it is possible with other control as reviewer suggested. • Besides those suggested changes we made other typing corrections and small changes highlighted in red, among them, we want to detailed: • In line 42 we eliminated any reference for 2 independent donors. That could be understood that one of the donations did not work, and we prefer to manage this information personally to donors. • Line 32. We now point out the MicoBioMed SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR kit has not FDA EUA approval and has not been authorized in Korea neither (2 new referencees added endorsing that). Although the reference for Korean CDC is updated for March 17th 2020, personal communication from K-CDC to the corresponding aunthor confirms that MiCoBioMed do not have authorization to date.
              Article 0 comments Cited 35 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): One Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): One Health
                Title: One Health
                Publisher: The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
                ISSN (Electronic): 2352-7714
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 May 2021
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2021
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100267
                Affiliations
                [a ]Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
                [b ]One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author at: Laboratorio de Diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2, Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
                [1]

                These authors have contributed equally.

                [2]

                “The UDLA COVID-19 Team”: Nelson David Zapata, Vanessa Bastidas, Julio Alejandro Teran, Karen Marcela Vasquez, Jonathan Dario Rondal, Genoveva Granda, Ana Cecilia Santamaria, Cynthia Lorena Pino, Oscar Lenin Espinosa, Angie Buitron, David Sanchez Grisales, Karina Beatriz Jimenez, Dayana Marcela Aguilar, Ines Maria Paredes, Pablo Marcelo Espinosa, Edison Andres Galarraga.

                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S2352-7714(21)00057-4 Publisher ID: 100267
                DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100267
                PMC ID: 8146272
                PubMed ID: 34056057
                SO-VID: 2aeebd6c-3348-4772-b230-ef2d62a6bf32
                Copyright © © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 14 February 2021
                Date revision received : 13 May 2021
                Date accepted : 17 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: ecuador,sars-cov-2,rt-pcr,surveillance,neglected communities
                Data availability:
                Keywords: ecuador, sars-cov-2, rt-pcr, surveillance, neglected communities

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