Hearing and vision health for people with dementia in residential long term care: Knowledge, attitudes and practice in England, South Korea, India, Greece, Indonesia and Australia

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Abstract

Objectives

Up to 90% of people with dementia in long term care (LTC) have hearing and/or vision impairment. Hearing/vision difficulties are frequently under‐recognised or incompletely managed. The impacts of hearing/vision impairment include more rapid cognitive decline, behavioural disturbances, reduced quality of life, and greater care burden. This research investigated LTC staff knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding hearing/vision care needs for residents with dementia.

Methods

A survey of staff in LTC facilities in England, South Korea, India, Greece, Indonesia and Australia. Respondents used a five‐point scale to indicate agreement or YES/NO response to questions regarding sensory‐cognitive care knowledge (what is known); attitudes (what is thought); practice (what is done).

Results

Respondents reported high awareness of hearing/vision care needs, although awareness of how to identify hearing/vison difficulties or refer for assessment was low. Most felt that residents were not able to use hearing/vision devices effectively due to poor fit, being poorly tolerated or lost or broken devices. A substantial minority of respondents reported low confidence in supporting use of assistive hearing/vision devices, with lack of training the main reason. Most staff did not undertake routine checking of hearing/vision devices, and it was rare for facilities to have designated staff responsible for sensory needs. Variation among countries was not significant after accounting for staff experience and having received dementia training.

Conclusions

There is a need to improve sensory support for people with dementia in LTC facilities internationally. Practice guidelines and training to enhance sensory‐cognitive knowledge, attitudes and practice in professional care teams is called for.

Key points

A survey of long term care (LTC) staff in six countries care revealed similar limitations in capacity to support residents with hearing/vision needs
Better capacity to support hearing/vision needs of people with dementia was associated with longer experience working in LTC and having received training in dementia awareness
Practice guidelines, training and fostering a long‐term professional work force could optimise support for hearing/vision needs for people living in LTC

Related collections

Most cited references 28

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Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study.

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100 years after the first description, Alzheimer's disease is one of the most disabling and burdensome health conditions worldwide. We used the Delphi consensus method to determine dementia prevalence for each world region. 12 international experts were provided with a systematic review of published studies on dementia and were asked to provide prevalence estimates for every WHO world region, for men and women combined, in 5-year age bands from 60 to 84 years, and for those aged 85 years and older. UN population estimates and projections were used to estimate numbers of people with dementia in 2001, 2020, and 2040. We estimated incidence rates from prevalence, remission, and mortality. Evidence from well-planned, representative epidemiological surveys is scarce in many regions. We estimate that 24.3 million people have dementia today, with 4.6 million new cases of dementia every year (one new case every 7 seconds). The number of people affected will double every 20 years to 81.1 million by 2040. Most people with dementia live in developing countries (60% in 2001, rising to 71% by 2040). Rates of increase are not uniform; numbers in developed countries are forecast to increase by 100% between 2001 and 2040, but by more than 300% in India, China, and their south Asian and western Pacific neighbours. We believe that the detailed estimates in this paper constitute the best currently available basis for policymaking, planning, and allocation of health and welfare resources.

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This paper is a report of a study designed to: (i) describe issues and techniques of translation of standard measures for use in international research; (ii) identify a user-friendly and valid translation method when researchers have limited resources during translation procedure; and (iii) discuss translation issues using data from a pilot study as an example. The process of translation is an important part of cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural researchers are often confronted by the need to translate scales from one language to another and to do this with limited resources. The lessons learned from our experience in a pilot study are presented to underline the importance of using appropriate translation procedures. The issues of the back-translation method are discussed to identify strategies to ensure success when translating measures. A combined technique is an appropriate method to maintain the content equivalences between the original and translated instruments in international research. There are several possible combinations of translation techniques. However, there is no gold standard of translation techniques because the research environment (e.g. accessibility and availability of bilingual people) and the research questions are different. It is important to use appropriate translation procedures and to employ a combined translation technique based on the research environment and questions.

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Is Open Access

Health status of UK care home residents: a cohort study

Adam Lee Gordon, Matthew Franklin, Lucy E. Bradshaw … (2013)

Background: UK care home residents are often poorly served by existing healthcare arrangements. Published descriptions of residents’ health status have been limited by lack of detail and use of data derived from surveys drawn from social, rather than health, care records. Aim: to describe in detail the health status and healthcare resource use of UK care home residents Design and setting: a 180-day longitudinal cohort study of 227 residents across 11 UK care homes, 5 nursing and 6 residential, selected to be representative for nursing/residential status and dementia registration. Method: Barthel index (BI), Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Neuropsychiatric index (NPI), Mini-nutritional index (MNA), EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D), 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), diagnoses and medications were recorded at baseline and BI, NPI, GHQ-12 and EQ-5D at follow-up after 180 days. National Health Service (NHS) resource use data were collected from databases of local healthcare providers. Results: out of a total of 323, 227 residents were recruited. The median BI was 9 (IQR: 2.5–15.5), MMSE 13 (4–22) and number of medications 8 (5.5–10.5). The mean number of diagnoses per resident was 6.2 (SD: 4). Thirty per cent were malnourished, 66% had evidence of behavioural disturbance. Residents had contact with the NHS on average once per month. Conclusion: residents from both residential and nursing settings are dependent, cognitively impaired, have mild frequent behavioural symptoms, multimorbidity, polypharmacy and frequently use NHS resources. Effective care for such a cohort requires broad expertise from multiple disciplines delivered in a co-ordinated and managed way.

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Author and article information

Contributors

Piers Dawes:

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-9884

piers.dawes@mq.edu.au

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Geriatr Psychiatry

Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1166

Journal ID (publisher-id): GPS

Title: International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )

ISSN (Print): 0885-6230

ISSN (Electronic): 1099-1166

Publication date (Electronic): 05 May 2021

Publication date (Print): October 2021

Volume: 36

Issue: 10 ( doiID: 10.1002/gps.v36.10 )

Pages: 1531-1540

Affiliations

[ ¹ ] Department of Linguistics Macquarie University Sydney Australia

[ ² ] Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness University of Manchester Manchester UK

[ ³ ] Global Brain Health Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland

[ ⁴ ] Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology University of Manchester Manchester UK

[ ⁵ ] Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK

[ ⁶ ] Division of Speech Pathology and Audiology Hallym University Chuncheon Republic of Korea

[ ⁷ ] Nightingales Medical Trust Bengaluru Karnataka India

[ ⁸ ] Ear Science Institute Perth Australia

[ ⁹ ] Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust North Tyneside UK

[ ¹⁰ ] Department of Psychiatry Larissa University General Hospital Faculty of Medicine University of Thessaly Larisa Greece

[ ¹¹ ] Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work University of Manchester Manchester UK

[ ¹² ] Brightwater Research Centre Brightwater Care Group Perth Australia

[ ¹³ ] Department of Psychiatry National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Eginition Hospital Athens Greece

[ ¹⁴ ] Department of Psychiatry Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry John’s Hopkins Medical School Baltimore USA

[ ¹⁵ ] NIHR Clinical Research Network (CRN) West Midlands Birmingham UK

[ ¹⁶ ] Aktios Care Home Units Athens Greece

[ ¹⁷ ] Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust Bradford UK

[ ¹⁸ ] Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust Bradford UK

[ ¹⁹ ] Division of Geriatric and Medical Gerontology Department of Internal Medicine Medical Faculty Brawijaya University Malang Indonesia

[ ²⁰ ] Solent NHS Trust Southampton UK

[ ²¹ ] Department of Psychiatry Alexandroupolis University General Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace Alexandroupolis Greece

[ ²² ] Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust Sceptre Point, Sceptre Way Preston UK

Author notes

[*] [* ] Correspondence

Piers Dawes, Department of Linguistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.

Email: piers.dawes@ 123456mq.edu.au

Author information

Piers Dawes https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-9884

Iracema Leroi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1822-3643

Gregor Russell https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-2824

Theofanis Vorvolakos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0340-2278

Article

Publisher ID: GPS5563

DOI: 10.1002/gps.5563

PMC ID: 8518517

PubMed ID: 33929059

SO-VID: 2b085738-60ab-43fe-bccf-9a6942e23bd8

License:

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

History

Date revision received : 01 April 2021

Date received : 01 December 2020

Date accepted : 17 April 2021

Page count

Figures: 5, Tables: 1, Pages: 10, Words: 4609

Funding

Funded by: National Research Foundation of Korea , doi 10.13039/501100003725;

Funded by: National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre , doi 10.13039/501100000272;

Funded by: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme , doi 10.13039/100010661;

Custom metadata

source-schema-version-number 2.0

cover-date October 2021

details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.0.8 mode:remove_FC converted:15.10.2021

ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine

Keywords: dementia,kapsurvey,ltc,nursing home,shearing care,staff training,vision care

Data availability: