Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens [Retraction]

Abstract

Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mohan S, et al. Involvement of NF-κB and HSP70 signaling pathways in the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells induced by a prenylated xanthone compound, α-mangostin, from Cratoxylum arborescens. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2014;8:2193–2211 was published subsequent to Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mohan S, et al. α-Mangostin from Cratoxylum arborescens demonstrates apoptogenesis in MCF-7 with regulation of NF-κB and Hsp70 protein modulation in vitro, and tumor reduction in vivo. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2014;8:1629–1647. When comparing the papers it becomes apparent that they have an unacceptably high degree of similarity and re-use. Further, there is no clear scientific distinction between the cell lines and the results in both. Accordingly, the Editor-in-Chief and Publisher have issued this Notice of Retraction.