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      Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y algunos factores de riesgos en pacientes en hemodiálisis Translated title: Prevalence of hypertension and some risk factors in patients undergoing hemodialysis

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          Abstract

          Fundamentación: La enfermedad cardiovascular constituye la principal causa de mortalidad en los pacientes en hemodiálisis y el principal predictor es la hipertensión arterial antes que la dislipemia y el consumo de tabaco. Objetivo: describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y sus factores de riesgos en pacientes hemodializados. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en 22 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica, terminal en hemodiálisis del Hospital General Augusto César Sandino de junio a diciembre de 2009. Se estudiaron las variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y del estilo de vida y su relación con la presencia de hipertensión arterial. Se utilizó la técnica estadística de análisis de distribución de frecuencias para categoría de variables, además, se empleó el test de independencia para probar la hipótesis nula de asociación entre las variables; precisándose un nivel de significación á = 0.05. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 53 años con un tiempo medio previo en hemodiálisis de 57 meses. Entre las principales causas por las cuales llegaron al tratamiento depurador los pacientes estuvieron las no relacionadas a la diabetes mellitus en el 86,4 %. En 14 pacientes, que representa el (63,6 %), se recogía la historia de hipertensión arterial prediálisis y en hemodiálisis. El análisis multivariado mostró que la hipertensión estaba asociada con la edad avanzada, el tiempo de vida media en hemodiálisis y la presencia de diabetes mellitus. Conclusiones: la hipertensión es altamente prevalente entre los pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica y está asociada a la hipervolemia, el envejecimiento y la diabetes mellitus.

          Translated abstract

          Background: The cardiovascular diseases constitutes the main one of cause of mortality in patient in hemodialysis and the main one predict is the hypertension still before that the dislipemia and the consumption of tobacco. Objective: Describe the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among patients on chronic hemodialysis. Methods: A transversal descriptive study was carried out in 22 patients with chronic kidney diseases in the nephrological service of Augusto Cesar Sandino Teaching Hospital of Pinar del Rio City, since June to December, 2009. Variables such as: age, etiology of the chronic renal failure, time elapsed in hemodialysis were included in the study. Information was gathered through surveys and from the morbimortality book of the nephrology unit. The statistical analysis of frequency distribution was used for each category of variables. The independence test was also used to test the association of variable null hypothesis. The level of significance was set at á = 0.05. Results: The age average went of 53 years with a half prior time in hemodialysis of 57 months. Among the main causes by which they arrived at the processing purifier the patient were the done not relate to the diabetes mellitus in the 86, 4 %. In 14 patients (63, 6%) history was collected of hypertension prediálisis and in hemodialysis. The analysis multivariado showed that the hypertension was associated with the age advanced, the average time of life in hypertension and the presence of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The hypertension is highly prevalence among patient in hypertension chronic and this associate to the hipervolemia, the hypertension and the diabetes mellitus.

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          Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease.

          Anemia, a common complication of chronic kidney disease, usually develops as a consequence of erythropoietin deficiency. Recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) is indicated for the correction of anemia associated with this condition. However, the optimal level of hemoglobin correction is not defined. In this open-label trial, we studied 1432 patients with chronic kidney disease, 715 of whom were randomly assigned to receive a dose of epoetin alfa targeted to achieve a hemoglobin level of 13.5 g per deciliter and 717 of whom were assigned to receive a dose targeted to achieve a level of 11.3 g per deciliter. The median study duration was 16 months. The primary end point was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for congestive heart failure (without renal replacement therapy), and stroke. A total of 222 composite events occurred: 125 events in the high-hemoglobin group, as compared with 97 events in the low-hemoglobin group (hazard ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.74; P=0.03). There were 65 deaths (29.3%), 101 hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (45.5%), 25 myocardial infarctions (11.3%), and 23 strokes (10.4%). Seven patients (3.2%) were hospitalized for congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction combined, and one patient (0.5%) died after having a stroke. Improvements in the quality of life were similar in the two groups. More patients in the high-hemoglobin group had at least one serious adverse event. The use of a target hemoglobin level of 13.5 g per deciliter (as compared with 11.3 g per deciliter) was associated with increased risk and no incremental improvement in the quality of life. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00211120 [ClinicalTrials.gov].). Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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            Kidney disease as a risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease: a statement from the American Heart Association Councils on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, High Blood Pressure Research, Clinical Cardiology, and Epidemiology and Prevention.

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              Efficacy and safety of a very-low-protein diet when postponing dialysis in the elderly: a prospective randomized multicenter controlled study.

              A supplemented very-low-protein diet (sVLPD) seems to be safe when postponing dialysis therapy. Prospective multicenter randomized controlled study designed to assess the noninferiority of diet versus dialysis in 1-year mortality assessed by using intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. Italian uremic patients without diabetes older than 70 years with glomerular filtration rate of 5 to 7 mL/min (0.08 to 0.12 mL/s). Randomization to an sVLPD (diet group) or dialysis. The sVLPD is a vegan diet (35 kcal; proteins, 0.3 g/kg body weight daily) supplemented with keto-analogues, amino acids, and vitamins. Patients following an sVLPD started dialysis therapy in the case of malnutrition, intractable fluid overload, hyperkalemia, or appearance of uremic symptoms. Mortality, hospitalization, and metabolic markers. 56 patients were randomly assigned to each group, median follow-up was 26.5 months (interquartile range, 40), and patients in the diet group spent a median of 10.7 months (interquartile range, 11) following an sVLPD. Forty patients in the diet group started dialysis treatment because of either fluid overload or hyperkalemia. There were 31 deaths (55%) in the dialysis group and 28 deaths (50%) in the diet group. One-year observed survival rates at intention to treat were 83.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74.5 to 94.0) in the dialysis group versus 87.3% (95% CI, 78.9 to 96.5) in the diet group (log-rank test for noninferiority, P < 0.001; for superiority, P = 0.6): the difference in survival was -3.6% (95% CI, -17 to +10; P = 0.002). The hazard ratio for hospitalization was 1.50 for the dialysis group (95% CI, 1.11 to 2.01; P < 0.01). The unblinded nature of the study, exclusion of patients with diabetes, and incomplete enrollment. An sVLPD was effective and safe when postponing dialysis treatment in elderly patients without diabetes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rpr
                Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río
                Rev Ciencias Médicas
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Pinar del Río )
                1561-3194
                December 2010
                : 14
                : 4
                : 53-64
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital General Augusto César Sandino
                [2 ] Hospital General Docente Abel Santamaría Cuadrado Cuba
                [3 ] Policlínico Raúl Sánchez
                Article
                S1561-31942010000400006
                2b6ee17b-01ac-4fb9-8827-43bd1836e49a

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1561-3194&lng=en
                Categories
                DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE
                EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
                GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
                GENETICS & HEREDITY
                GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
                GERONTOLOGY
                HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
                IMMUNOLOGY
                INFECTIOUS DISEASES
                INTEGRATIVE & COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
                MEDICAL ETHICS
                MEDICAL INFORMATICS
                MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
                MICROBIOLOGY
                NURSING
                NUTRITION & DIETETICS
                OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY
                ONCOLOGY
                OPHTHALMOLOGY
                ORTHOPEDICS
                OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
                PARASITOLOGY
                PEDIATRICS
                PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
                SOCIAL SCIENCES, BIOMEDICAL
                UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

                Oncology & Radiotherapy,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pediatrics,Nutrition & Dietetics,Obstetrics & Gynecology,Bioinformatics & Computational biology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Nursing,General medicine,Urology,Geriatric medicine,Gastroenterology & Hepatology,Parasitology,Immunology,Dentistry,Clinical chemistry,Internal medicine,General education,Otolaryngology,Orthopedics,Health & Social care,Complementary & Alternative medicine,Genetics,Infectious disease & Microbiology,Microbiology & Virology
                RISK FACTORS,ENFERMEDADES CARDIOVASCULARES,HIPERTENSIÓN,HYPERTENSION,CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES,FACTORES DE RIESGO

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