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      Meta-Analyse zur Wirkung familienbezogener Präventionsmaßnahmen in Deutschland

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          Abstract

          Theoretischer Hintergrund. In Deutschland wird eine Vielzahl von Programmen angeboten, die Eltern bei der Wahrnehmung ihrer Erziehungsaufgaben unterstützen und kindlichen Erlebens- und Verhaltensproblemen vorbeugen sollen. Internationale Befunde bescheinigen derartigen Maßnahmen positive Effekte, insbesondere bei kurzem Follow-up. Inwieweit die primär anglo-amerikanischen Ergebnisse auf andere Länder übertragen werden können, ist aber weitgehend unklar. Fragestellung. Der Beitrag berichtet über eine Meta-Analyse, die ausschließlich in Deutschland durchgeführte Kontrollgruppenstudien zu familienbezogenen Präventionsmaßnahmen integriert. Methode. Aus zirka 4.000 gefundenen Publikationen erfüllten 45 kontrollierte Evaluationen die Einschlusskriterien. Diese betrafen insgesamt 4.213 Personen. Meistens wurden Elternkurse evaluiert; zu anderen Maßnahmen wie Eltern-Kind-Gruppen oder Geburtsvorbereitungskursen fanden wir kaum kontrollierte Studien. Ergebnisse. Es ergab sich ein signifikant positiver mittlerer Effekt ( d = .35), der auch in den Follow up-Analysen weitgehend bestehen blieb. Die Effekte auf das elterliche Erziehungsverhalten waren größer als die Veränderungen beim Kind. Außerdem zeigten sich größere Effekte bei gezielter vs. universeller Prävention, kleineren vs. größeren Stichproben und methodisch schwächer vs. stärker kontrollierten Studien. Schlussfolgerungen. Insgesamt ähneln die Ergebnisse jenen internationaler Meta-Analysen, doch sind in Deutschland noch mehr gut kontrollierte und langfristige Evaluationen erforderlich.

          Meta-Analytic Review of Family-Based Prevention Programs in Germany

          Background. In Germany, family counseling or education centers and other institutions offer a broad range of family-based prevention programs. Although international research shows positive effects of family-based prevention programs on parenting skills and child behavior, it is unclear whether these results can be generalized for countries other than Germany. Objective. This article presents a meta-analysis of German studies on family-based prevention that had a control group. Method. We found 45 controlled evaluations that met our eligibility criteria, comprising 4,213 persons. Most evaluations addressed parent trainings; other measures such as mother–child groups or prenatal classes were represented very little. Results. Overall, there was a significant positive mean effect of the programs ( d = .35), which was confirmed in the follow-up analyses. Effects on parenting skills were larger than on child outcome measures. Further moderator analyses revealed larger effects of targeted vs. universal prevention, of studies with smaller vs. larger samples, and of methodologically weaker vs. stronger designs. Conclusions. Most results were similar to what was found in international meta-analyses. However, more high-quality and long-term evaluations are needed in Germany.

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          The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment. Confirmation from meta-analysis.

          Conventional reviews of research on the efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatments often find considerable variation in outcome among studies and, as a consequence, fail to reach firm conclusions about the overall effectiveness of the interventions in question. In contrast meta-analytic reviews show a strong, dramatic pattern of positive overall effects that cannot readily be explained as artifacts of meta-analytic technique or generalized placebo effects. Moreover, the effects are not so small that they can be dismissed as lacking practical or clinical significance. Although meta-analysis has limitations, there are good reasons to believe that its results are more credible than those of conventional reviews and to conclude that well-developed psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment is generally efficacious.
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            Primary Prevention Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analytic Review

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              Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: intervention outcomes for parent, child, and teacher training.

              Families of 159, 4- to 8-year-old children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were randomly assigned to parent training (PT); parent plus teacher training (PT + TT); child training (CT); child plus teacher training (CT + TT); parent, child, plus teacher training (PT + CT + TT); or a waiting list control. Reports and independent observations were collected at home and school. Following the 6-month intervention, all treatments resulted in significantly fewer conduct problems with mothers, teachers, and peers compared to controls. Children's negative behavior with fathers was lower in the 3 PT conditions than in control. Children showed more prosocial skills with peers in the CT conditions than in control. All PT conditions resulted in less negative and more positive parenting for mothers and less negative parenting for fathers than in control. Mothers and teachers were also less negative than controls when children received CT. Adding TT to PT or CT improved treatment outcome in terms of teacher behavior management in the classroom and in reports of behavior problems.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                zkp
                Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
                Forschung und Praxis
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                1616-3443
                2190-6297
                Januar 2015
                : 44
                : 1
                : 27-44
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Institut für Psychologie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
                [ 2 ] Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge (UK)
                Author notes
                Dr. Maren Weiss, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institut für Psychologie, Lehrstuhl für Psychologische Diagnostik, Methodenlehre und Rechtspsychologie, Nägelsbachstraße 49c, 91052 Erlangen, E-Mail: maren.weiss@ 123456fau.de
                Article
                zkp_44_1_27
                10.1026/1616-3443/a000298
                2b73713b-86fd-4f04-bec7-f71342c6d3ba
                Copyright @ 2015
                History
                Categories
                Originalia

                Psychology,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                family-based prevention,Elterntraining,Familienbezogene Prävention,Meta-Analyse,Wirkungsevaluation,parent training program,outcome evaluation,meta-analysis

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