[1
]Center of the Institute of Marine Research (IMAR) and Department of Oceanography and
Fisheries, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
[2
]Laboratory of Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science (LARSyS), Lisbon, Portugal
[3
]Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
[4
]Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Marine Biology section, Oslo, Norway
[5
]Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre,
Southampton, United Kingdom
[6
]Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway
[7
]Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven,
Germany
[8
]GRC Geociències Marines, Departament d′Estratigrafia, Paleontologia i Geociències
Marines, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Campus de Pedralbes, Barcelona,
Spain
[9
]Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth,
United Kingdom
[10
]Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel, The Netherlands
[11
]Institut Français de Recherche pour l′Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bastia, France
[12
]National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, Southampton,
United Kingdom
[13
]OceanLab, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
[14
]British Geological Survey, Murchison House, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
[15
]Portuguese Task Group for the Extension of the Continental Shelf (EMEPC), Paço de
Arcos, Portugal
[16
]Renard Centre of Marine Geology (RCMG), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Ghent
University, Gent, Belgium
Bangor University, United Kingdom
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Journal ID (pmc): plosone
Title:
PLoS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date Collection 2014
Publication date
(Electronic):
30
April
2014
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
ID: 24788771
ID: 4005782
ID: PONE-D-13-34901
ID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095839
License:
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
This research was supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme
(FP7/2007∧2013) under the HERMIONE project, Grant agreement (GA) no. 226354. The authors
would like to acknowledge further funds from the Condor project (supported by a grant
from Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway through the EEA Financial Mechanism (PT0040/2008)),
Corazon (FCT/PTDC/MAR/72169/2006; COMPETE/QREN), CoralFISH (FP7 ENV/2007/1/21314 4),
EC funded PERSEUS project (GA no. 287600), the ESF project BIOFUN (CTM2007-28739-E),
the Spanish projects PROMETEO (CTM2007-66316-C02/MAR) and DOS MARES (CTM2010-21810-C03-01),
la Caixa grant "Oasis del Mar", the Generalitat de Catalunya grant to excellence research
group number 2009 SGR 1305, UK's Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) as part
of the Ecosystems of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at the Sub-Polar Front and Charlie-Gibbs
Fracture Zone (ECOMAR) project, the Marine Environmental Mapping Programme (MAREMAP),
the ERC (Starting Grant project CODEMAP, no 258482), the Joint Nature Conservation
Committee (JNCC), the Lenfest Ocean Program (PEW Foundation), the Department for Business,
Enterprise and Regulatory Reform through Strategic Environmental Assessment 7 (formerly
the Department for Trade and Industry) and the Department for Environment, Food and
Rural Affairs through their advisors, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, the
offshore Special Areas for Conservation programme, BELSPO and RBINS-OD Nature (Belgian
Federal Government) for R/V Belgica shiptime. The footage from the HAUSGARTEN observatory
was taken during expeditions ARK XVIII/1, ARK XX/1, ARK XXII/1, ARK XXIII/2 and ARK
XXVI/2 of the German research icebreaker “Polarstern”. The authors also acknowledge
funds provided by FCT-IP/MEC to LARSyS Associated Laboratory and IMAR-University of
the Azores (R&DU #531), Thematic Area E, through the Strategic Project (PEst-OE/EEI/LA0009/2011∧2014,
COMPETE, QREN) and by the Government of Azores FRCT multiannual funding. CKP was supported
by the doctoral grant from the Portuguese Science Foundation (SFRH/BD/66404/2009;
COMPETE/QREN). AP was supported by Statoil as part of the CORAMM project. MB would
like to thank Antje Boetius for financial support through the DFG Leibniz programme.
JNGP was supported by the doctoral grant (M3.1.2/F/062/2011) from the Regional Directorate
for Science, Technology and Communications (DRCTC) of the Regional Government of the
Azores. ERLL was supported by a CSIC-JAE-postdocotral grant with co-funding from the
European Social Fund. Publication fees for this open access publication were supported
by IFREMER. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis,
decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Ecology
Subject:
Marine Ecology
Subject:
Marine Biology
Subject:
Marine Conservation
Subject:
Marine Monitoring
Subject:
Earth Sciences
Subject:
Marine and Aquatic Sciences
Subject:
Oceanography
Subject:
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Subject:
Conservation Science
Subject:
Environmental Protection
Subject:
Engineering and Technology
Subject:
Environmental Engineering
Subject:
Pollution
