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      Role of Face Masks in the Rise of Mucormycosis Cases in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic

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      Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
      Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

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          Rhino-Orbital Mucormycosis Associated With COVID-19

          Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal co-infections. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection, which, during the course of the treatment, developed rhino-orbital mucormycosis. A 60- year-old male patient, a longstanding diabetic, with a positive reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was admitted for treatment. He received parenteral meropenem and oral oseltamivir with parenteral methylprednisolone. Over the course of the admission, he developed signs of orbital cellulitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, orbits, and paranasal sinuses, revealed soft tissue swelling in the right preseptal, malar, premaxillary and retrobulbar regions with paranasal sinusitis. A nasal biopsy revealed broad aseptate filamentous fungal hyphae suggestive of mucormycosis, which was confirmed on culture. Extensive use of steroids/monoclonal antibodies/broad-spectrum antibiotics may lead to the development/exacerbation of a preexisting fungal disease. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of secondary invasive fungal infections in patients with COVID-19 infection.
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            Fungal Co-infections Associated with Global COVID-19 Pandemic: A Clinical and Diagnostic Perspective from China

            Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been sweeping across the globe. Based on a retrospective analysis of SARS and influenza data from China and worldwide, we surmise that the fungal co-infections associated with global COVID-19 might be missed or misdiagnosed. Although there are few publications, COVID-19 patients, especially severely ill or immunocompromised, have a higher probability of suffering from invasive mycoses. Aspergillus and Candida infections in COVID-19 patients will require early detection by a comprehensive diagnostic intervention (histopathology, direct microscopic examination, culture, (1,3)-β-d-glucan, galactomannan, and PCR-based assays) to ensure effective treatments. We suggest it is prudent to assess the risk factors, the types of invasive mycosis, the strengths and limitations of diagnostic methods, clinical settings, and the need for standard or individualized treatment in COVID-19 patients. We provide a clinical flow diagram to assist the clinicians and laboratory experts in the management of aspergillosis, candidiasis, mucormycosis, or cryptococcosis as co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients.
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              Invasive fungal diseases during COVID-19: We should be prepared

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Glob Infect Dis
                J Glob Infect Dis
                JGID
                Journal of Global Infectious Diseases
                Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                0974-777X
                0974-8245
                Jul-Sep 2021
                27 July 2021
                : 13
                : 3
                : 155-156
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Dental College, JSS AHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. SN Chandan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Dental College, JSS AHER, SS Nagar, Mysore - 570 015, Karnataka, India. E-mail: dr.chandansn@ 123456jssuni.edu.in
                Article
                JGID-13-155
                10.4103/jgid.jgid_453_20
                8491807
                2bc8af6d-7a56-4551-a753-20a03836232b
                Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Global Infectious Diseases

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 04 January 2021
                : 22 January 2021
                : 25 January 2021
                Categories
                Letters To Editor

                Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Infectious disease & Microbiology

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