8
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      The effect of different degrees of lockdown and self-identified gender on anxiety, depression and suicidality during the COVID-19 pandemic: data from the international COMET-G study.

      research-article
      1 , * , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 12 , 13 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 5 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 46 , 18 , 15 , 56 , 42 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 33 , 36 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 21 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 14 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 38 , 82 , 69 , 51 , 59 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 42 , 42 , 39 , 19 , 87 , 19 , 43 , 88 , 89 , 39 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 14 , 77 , 59 , 21 , 59 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 70 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 14 , 100 , 69 , 21 , 69 , 68 , 101 , 102 , 20 , 103 , 104 , 71 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 66 , 36 , 60 , 112 , 113 , 66 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 15 , 17 , 119 , 120 , 66 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 22 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 68 , 129 , 101 , 53 , 130 , 131 , 53 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 112 , 113 , 140 , 105 , 141 , 142 , 43 , 83 , 143 , 144 , 83 , 143
      Psychiatry Research
      Published by Elsevier B.V.
      COVID-19, depression, suicidality, mental health, lockdown, anxiety, mental health history

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Introduction

          During the COVID-19 pandemic various degrees of lockdown were applied by countries around the world. It is considered that such measures have an adverse effect on mental health but the relationship of measure intensity with the mental health effect has not been thoroughly studied. Here we report data from the larger COMET-G study pertaining to this question.

          Material and Methods

          During the COVID-19 pandemic, data were gathered with an online questionnaire from 55,589 participants from 40 countries (64.85% females aged 35.80 ±13.61; 34.05% males aged 34.90±13.29 and 1.10% other aged 31.64±13.15). Anxiety was measured with the STAI, depression with the CES-D and suicidality with the RASS. Distress and probable depression were identified with the use of a previously developed cut-off and algorithm respectively.

          Statistical Analysis

          It included the calculation of Relative Risk (RR), Factorial ANOVA and Multiple backwards stepwise linear regression analysis

          Results

          Approximately two-thirds were currently living under significant restrictions due to lockdown. For both males and females the risk to develop clinical depression correlated significantly with each and every level of increasing lockdown degree (RR 1.72 and 1.90 respectively). The combined lockdown and psychiatric history increased RR to 6.88 The overall relationship of lockdown with severity of depression, though significant was small.

          Conclusions

          The current study is the first which reports an almost linear relationship between lockdown degree and effect in mental health. Our findings, support previous suggestions concerning the need for a proactive targeted intervention to protect mental health more specifically in vulnerable groups

          Related collections

          Most cited references80

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

          Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6). Conclusion COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            A Longitudinal Study on the Mental Health of General Population during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China

            Highlights • A significant reduction in psychological impact 4 weeks after COVID outbreak. • The mean scores of respondents in both surveys were above PTSD cut-offs. • Female gender, physical symptoms associated with a higher psychological impact. • Hand hygiene, mask-wearing & confidence in doctors reduced psychological impact. • Online trauma-focused psychotherapy may be helpful to public during COVID-19.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              6-month neurological and psychiatric outcomes in 236 379 survivors of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records

              Background Neurological and psychiatric sequelae of COVID-19 have been reported, but more data are needed to adequately assess the effects of COVID-19 on brain health. We aimed to provide robust estimates of incidence rates and relative risks of neurological and psychiatric diagnoses in patients in the 6 months following a COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods For this retrospective cohort study and time-to-event analysis, we used data obtained from the TriNetX electronic health records network (with over 81 million patients). Our primary cohort comprised patients who had a COVID-19 diagnosis; one matched control cohort included patients diagnosed with influenza, and the other matched control cohort included patients diagnosed with any respiratory tract infection including influenza in the same period. Patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 were excluded from the control cohorts. All cohorts included patients older than 10 years who had an index event on or after Jan 20, 2020, and who were still alive on Dec 13, 2020. We estimated the incidence of 14 neurological and psychiatric outcomes in the 6 months after a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19: intracranial haemorrhage; ischaemic stroke; parkinsonism; Guillain-Barré syndrome; nerve, nerve root, and plexus disorders; myoneural junction and muscle disease; encephalitis; dementia; psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders (grouped and separately); substance use disorder; and insomnia. Using a Cox model, we compared incidences with those in propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with influenza or other respiratory tract infections. We investigated how these estimates were affected by COVID-19 severity, as proxied by hospitalisation, intensive therapy unit (ITU) admission, and encephalopathy (delirium and related disorders). We assessed the robustness of the differences in outcomes between cohorts by repeating the analysis in different scenarios. To provide benchmarking for the incidence and risk of neurological and psychiatric sequelae, we compared our primary cohort with four cohorts of patients diagnosed in the same period with additional index events: skin infection, urolithiasis, fracture of a large bone, and pulmonary embolism. Findings Among 236 379 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, the estimated incidence of a neurological or psychiatric diagnosis in the following 6 months was 33·62% (95% CI 33·17–34·07), with 12·84% (12·36–13·33) receiving their first such diagnosis. For patients who had been admitted to an ITU, the estimated incidence of a diagnosis was 46·42% (44·78–48·09) and for a first diagnosis was 25·79% (23·50–28·25). Regarding individual diagnoses of the study outcomes, the whole COVID-19 cohort had estimated incidences of 0·56% (0·50–0·63) for intracranial haemorrhage, 2·10% (1·97–2·23) for ischaemic stroke, 0·11% (0·08–0·14) for parkinsonism, 0·67% (0·59–0·75) for dementia, 17·39% (17·04–17·74) for anxiety disorder, and 1·40% (1·30–1·51) for psychotic disorder, among others. In the group with ITU admission, estimated incidences were 2·66% (2·24–3·16) for intracranial haemorrhage, 6·92% (6·17–7·76) for ischaemic stroke, 0·26% (0·15–0·45) for parkinsonism, 1·74% (1·31–2·30) for dementia, 19·15% (17·90–20·48) for anxiety disorder, and 2·77% (2·31–3·33) for psychotic disorder. Most diagnostic categories were more common in patients who had COVID-19 than in those who had influenza (hazard ratio [HR] 1·44, 95% CI 1·40–1·47, for any diagnosis; 1·78, 1·68–1·89, for any first diagnosis) and those who had other respiratory tract infections (1·16, 1·14–1·17, for any diagnosis; 1·32, 1·27–1·36, for any first diagnosis). As with incidences, HRs were higher in patients who had more severe COVID-19 (eg, those admitted to ITU compared with those who were not: 1·58, 1·50–1·67, for any diagnosis; 2·87, 2·45–3·35, for any first diagnosis). Results were robust to various sensitivity analyses and benchmarking against the four additional index health events. Interpretation Our study provides evidence for substantial neurological and psychiatric morbidity in the 6 months after COVID-19 infection. Risks were greatest in, but not limited to, patients who had severe COVID-19. This information could help in service planning and identification of research priorities. Complementary study designs, including prospective cohorts, are needed to corroborate and explain these findings. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Psychiatry Res
                Psychiatry Res
                Psychiatry Research
                Published by Elsevier B.V.
                0165-1781
                1872-7123
                1 July 2022
                1 July 2022
                : 114702
                Affiliations
                [1 ]3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece
                [2 ]Pennine Care NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
                [3 ]Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
                [4 ]Core Psychiatry training, Health Education England North West, United Kingdom
                [5 ]Department of Psychiatry, Ludiwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
                [6 ]Child Adolescent and Family Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [7 ]Section of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Lima, Peru
                [8 ]Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
                [9 ]School of Medicine and Health Science, Institute of Health Science Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan
                [10 ]Department of Psychiatry, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
                [11 ]Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
                [12 ]IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
                [13 ]Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
                [14 ]Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
                [15 ]Psychiatry Area, Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM
                [16 ]Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM
                [17 ]Mental Health Center of La Corredoria, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM
                [18 ]Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM
                [19 ]Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Nord Essonne, Orsay, France
                [20 ]Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
                [21 ]Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
                [22 ]Mental Hub, Tbilisi, Georgia
                [23 ]NGO Healthcare Research and Quality Agency, Tbilisi, Georgia
                [24 ]Hospital San Juan de Dios Hospital, Guadalajara, Mexico
                [25 ]Janssen Research and Development, Johnson & Johnson, American Society of Hispanic Psychiatry and WARMI Women Mental Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
                [26 ]Institute of Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [27 ]National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [28 ]APM Board Certified in General Psychiatry and Neurology, Addiction Psychiatry & Addiction Medicine, UPMC, DDAP, Philadelphia, USA
                [29 ]Department of Teaching and Research, Hospital Borda, Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [30 ]University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [31 ]Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Clínica AngloAmericana, Lima, Perú
                [32 ]Sanitaire and Social Union for Accompaniment and Prevention, Center of Ambulatory Psychiatry of Narbonne and Lezigan, Narbonne, France
                [33 ]Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL Teramo, Teramo, Italy
                [34 ]School of Nursing, University of L'Aquila, Italy
                [35 ]Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, School of Psychiatry, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
                [36 ]Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
                [37 ]Departamento de Fisiología e Farmacología, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
                [38 ]Department of Psychiatry, Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College, Mumbai, India
                [39 ]Desousa Foundation, Mumbai, India
                [40 ]Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Section of Psychiatry, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
                [41 ]University Hospital Geelong, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
                [42 ]Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
                [43 ]Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
                [44 ]Psychiatry department, Ankara dışkapı training and research hospital, Ankara, Turkey
                [45 ]Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
                [46 ]Faculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [47 ]Centre of Neuroscience, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
                [48 ]Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ryazan State Medical University n.a. academician I.P. Pavlov, Ryazan, Russia
                [49 ]State Budgetary Institution of the Rostov Region "Psychoneurological Dispensary", Rostov-on-Don, Russia
                [50 ]Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
                [51 ]Medical Psychology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
                [52 ]“Villa dei Pini” Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center, Avellino, Italy
                [53 ]Psychiatric Studies Centre, Provaglio d'Iseo, Italy
                [54 ]Hospital Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal
                [55 ]Department of Psychiatry, Medical Psychology and Drug Abuse, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
                [56 ]Mental Health Center of La Ería, Oviedo, Spain, ISPA, INEUROPA. CIBERSAM
                [57 ]Specialty Training Section, Polish Psychiatric Association, Wroclaw, Poland
                [58 ]Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón De la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
                [59 ]Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
                [60 ]Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
                [61 ]Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Hospital Saint Ekaterina, Sofia, Bulgaria
                [62 ]Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Israel
                [63 ]Faculty of Human Sciences, Education Bureau of the Laboratory Schools, University of Tsukuba, Tokyo, Japan
                [64 ]Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
                [65 ]Public Health Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [66 ]Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
                [67 ]Department of Public Health & Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
                [68 ]Second Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry "Saint Naum", Sofia, Bulgaria
                [69 ]Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
                [70 ]Department of Psychiatry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
                [71 ]Education center, Mental Health Clinic No 1n.a. N.A. Alexeev of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
                [72 ]Ministry of Health, Millenium Institute for Research in Depression and Personality, Santiago, Chile
                [73 ]Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
                [74 ]National Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan
                [75 ]Department of Psychiatry, Westchester Medical Center Health System, Valhalla, NY, USA
                [76 ]New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
                [77 ]School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
                [78 ]Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
                [79 ]Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
                [80 ]Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore, Pakistan
                [81 ]Child Psychiatry Department, Ankara city hospital, Ankara, Turkey
                [82 ]Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
                [83 ]International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry (ICERN), Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
                [84 ]Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, Russia
                [85 ]Psychiatry, Drug abuse and Psychology Department, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine
                [86 ]Occupational & Environmental Health Sector, Public Health Policy
                [87 ]Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS Medical College, Srinagar, India
                [88 ]Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
                [89 ]Department of Psychiatry, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
                [90 ]Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
                [91 ]Unicamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
                [92 ]Brain Research Foundation onus, Lucca, Italy
                [93 ]Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
                [94 ]Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
                [95 ]Private outpatient clinics "JSC InMedica klinika", Vilnius, Lithuania
                [96 ]Department of Clinical Services, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
                [97 ]General Office for the Psychiatric Services of the Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico
                [98 ]Department of Postgraduate Education, Russian National Research Medical University n.a. N.I. Pirogov, Moscow, Russia
                [99 ]Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria
                [100 ]Sackler School of Medicine New York State American Program, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
                [101 ]Compartment of Liaison Psychiatry, “Pius Brinzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
                [102 ]Department of Medical Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
                [103 ]School of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece
                [104 ]Department of Internal Medicine, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
                [105 ]Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
                [106 ]Clinical Department for Crisis and Affective Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
                [107 ]South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
                [108 ]Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
                [109 ]Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
                [110 ]Department of the Introduction to Internal Medicine and Family Medicine, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
                [111 ]Abarbanel Mental Health Center, Bat-Yam, Israel
                [112 ]Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
                [113 ]Riga Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga, Latvia
                [114 ]Servicio de Emergencia, Acute inpatient Unit, Hospital Moyano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [115 ]Argentine Institute of Clinical Psychiatry (IAPC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
                [116 ]General Psychiatry Unit I, Greater Poland Neuropsychiatric Center, Kościan, Poland
                [117 ]Department of Psychiatry, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
                [118 ]Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado – Hideyo Noguchi”, Lima, Perú
                [119 ]Faculty of Health Sciences, Anahuac University, Mexico City, Mexico
                [120 ]Department of Psychiatry. Escuela Nacional de Medicina, TEC de Monterrey. Servicio de geriatría. Hospital Universitario "José Eleuterio González" UANL. Monterrey, Nuevo León México
                [121 ]Assistant Professor at Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence Department Tilburg University
                [122 ]Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Ost, Psychiatrische Institutsambulanz, Klinikum am Weissenhof, Weissenhof, Germany
                [123 ]DY Patil Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India
                [124 ]Department of Psychiatry, Teine Keijinkai Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan
                [125 ]Psychiatric Unit, Pambalah Batung General Hospital, South Kalimantan, Amuntai, Indonesia
                [126 ]Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus
                [127 ]Saint Petersburg Psychoneurological Dispensary No2, Saint Petersburg, Russia
                [128 ]Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, The Liasion Team, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
                [129 ]Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poland
                [130 ]European Depression Association and Italian Association on Depression, Brussels, Belgium
                [131 ]Bedforshire Center for Mental Health Research in association with the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
                [132 ]Health Policy, WHO Regional Office for Europe
                [133 ]Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
                [134 ]"Agios Charalambos" Mental Health Clinic, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
                [135 ]1st Department of Academic Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
                [136 ]Centre for Global Public Health, Institute of Population Health Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
                [137 ]Kabir Medical College, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan
                [138 ]Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
                [139 ]Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
                [140 ]Institute of Public Health, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
                [141 ]Department for Research and Education, Institute of Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
                [142 ]Educational and Research Center - Ukrainian Family Medicine Training Center, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
                [143 ]Department of Psychiatry, Narcology, Psychotherapy and Clinical Psychology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
                [144 ]Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese, Laboratory of Integrated Health Care, Tripoli, Greece
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author:
                Article
                S0165-1781(22)00298-0 114702
                10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114702
                9247180
                35839639
                2bdf2f22-2161-4e22-ae15-35b96a879f21
                © 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 15 March 2022
                : 16 June 2022
                : 29 June 2022
                Categories
                Article

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                covid-19,depression,suicidality,mental health, lockdown, anxiety, mental health history

                Comments

                Comment on this article