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      Prevención de la mortalidad materna: Un ejemplo de intervención comunitaria en salud en el Congo Translated title: Prevencion of Maternal Mortality: an example on community intervention in Congo

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          Abstract

          Introducción: En el año 2005, la Organización Mundial de la Salud llamó la atención de la comunidad médica internacional sobre la crisis sanitaria invisible que provocan las muertes maternas en los países más pobres del mundo. Tras el lema "Cada madre y cada niño contarán" del informe mundial de la salud, se reconoce la mortalidad materna como un gran problema de salud pública internacional y de derechos humanos. Objetivo: Aumentar el número de partos institucionalizados mediante una investigación-acción con el objetivo de disminuir indirectamente la mortalidad materna. Métodos: Un ensayo comunitario, de metodología cualitativa-cuantitativa, realizada en Pweto (República Democrática del Congo) entre 2002 y 2004. Mediante un abordaje etnográfico se obtuvieron las claves determinantes de la baja proporción de partos instititucionalizados desde la perspectiva de las mujeres y se instauró un programa de intervención. La efectividad del programa se mensuró mediante el test de la T de student, comparando los partos atendidos en las estructuras sanitarias antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: La diferencias observadas tras la intervención, con un aumento de 1279 partos, son estadísticamente significativas (T:-12,062 con 28 g.l., p<0,01), demostrándose que existe una fuerte asociación lineal positiva entre el número de partos y la intervención (R²:0,81 p<0,01). Discusión: Los proyectos de cooperación internacional en salud deberían considerar la mortalidad materna como un problema transversal al que dar solución. Intervenciones sencillas centradas en dar respuesta a los problemas tal y como los perciben las mujeres, pueden aumentar el número de partos institucionalizado en regiones receptoras de ayuda humanitaria como en Pweto.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: The WHO "World Health Report 2005" calls attention to the international medical community about the invisible health crisis causing the maternal deaths in the poorest countries of the world. Under the slogan "Make every mother and child count", the maternal mortality was recognised as a huge international public health and human rights problem. Objective: Increase the number of institutional deliveries trough an action research, with the objective to reduce indirectly maternal mortality. Methods: A qualitative-quantitative community trial was conducted in Pweto (Democratic Republic of Congo) from 2002 to 2004. An intensive ethnographic research was done to obtain the key determinants of the low proportion of institutional deliveries from the mother’s perspective and an intervention was started. The program’s efficiency was measured through a T student test comparing the number of deliveries attended in the institution before and after the intervention. Results: The increase of 1279 deliveries observed after the intervention has statistically significance (T:-12,062 with 28 grade of liberty, p<0,01) demonstrating a strong positive lineal association between the number of institutional deliveries and the intervention carried out (R²:0,81 p<0,01). Discussion: International health cooperation projects have to consider maternal mortality as a crosscutting problem which needs to be addressed in all their interventions. Simple intervention, focusing on answering to the problems perceived by the women, could increase the number of institutional deliveries in regions of humanitarian aid such as Pweto.

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          Most cited references39

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          Informe sobre la salud en el mundo

          (2001)
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            Investigación y evaluación cualitativa: Bases teóricas y conceptuales

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              Maternal mortality, women's status, and economic dependency in less developed countries: a cross-national analysis.

              While much has been written about the medical, economic, and social causes of cross-national differences in some mortality related phenomena such as in life expectancy and infant mortality, much less attention has been given to maternal mortality, the focus of the present study. In the studies of maternal mortality that have been done, there has been very little effort to assess the potential relevance of the gender stratification and dependency theory perspectives. Using lagged cross-sectional and path analysis with a sample of 79 less developed countries, this article focuses on the impact of predictors linked to three theoretical perspectives - modernization, economic dependency, and gender stratification. We find that women's status, as measured by indicators such as level of education relative to men, age at first marriage, and reproductive autonomy, is a strong predictor of maternal mortality. We find that economic dependency, especially multinational corporate investment, has a detrimental effect on maternal mortality that is mediated by its harmful impacts on economic growth and the status of women. We also find support for developmental theory, a variant of modernization theory.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                index
                Index de Enfermería
                Index Enferm
                Fundación Index (Granada, Granada, Spain )
                1132-1296
                1699-5988
                September 2007
                : 16
                : 57
                : 13-17
                Affiliations
                [01] Granada orgnameEscuela Andaluza de Salud Pública España
                [02] orgnameMédicos de Sin Fronteras orgdiv1Departamento Médico Bélgica
                Article
                S1132-12962007000200003
                10.4321/s1132-12962007000200003
                2be59f06-7688-404d-a68f-9f04a32d46cc

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 October 2006
                : 29 January 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Mortalidad materna,Prevención,Intervención comunitaria,Cooperación internacional en salud,salud pública internacional,Derechos humanos,Prevencion,Maternal Mortality,Community intervention,International health cooperation,International public health,Human rights

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