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      Crosslinking of Chitosan with Dialdehyde Chitosan as a New Approach for Biomedical Applications

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          Abstract

          Materials based on natural high molecular compounds are particularly interesting for biomedical applications. It is known that the cross-linking agent used for preparation of biomacromolecule-based materials is as important as used biopolymer. Therefore, natural cross-linkers containing reactive carbonyl groups are of great interest especially for modifying properties of natural polysaccharides. One of the most popular cross-linking agents is glutaraldehyde. Nevertheless, the unreacted particles can be released from the cross-linked material and cause cytotoxic effects. This can be eliminated when using a cross-linker based e.g., on polysaccharides. This article describes quick and efficient synthesis of dialdehyde chitosan (DACS) and its application for the preparation of chitosan films. Materials obtained with different amount of DACS were fully characterized in terms of structure and surface morphology. Thermal and mechanical properties as well as hydrophilic character were also examined. The results obtained were compared with the materials obtained by cross-linking chitosan with low molecular weight glutaraldehyde and high molecular weight cross-linking agent based on polysaccharide–dialdehyde starch. Toxicity of all obtained materials was tested using the Microtox ® test. It has been shown that due to better mechanical, thermal and surface properties as well as lower toxicity, dialdehyde chitosan is a very promising crosslinking agent.

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          Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review.

          Owing to its high biodegradability, and nontoxicity and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other natural polymers. To broaden chitosan's antimicrobial applicability, comprehensive knowledge of its activity is necessary. The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action. Chitosan-mediated inhibition is affected by several factors can be classified into four types as intrinsic, environmental, microorganism and physical state, according to their respective roles. In this review, different physical states are comparatively discussed. Mode of antimicrobial action is discussed in parts of the active compound (chitosan) and the target (microorganisms) collectively and independently in same complex. Finally, the general antimicrobial applications of chitosan and perspectives about future studies in this field are considered. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            Biodegradation, biodistribution and toxicity of chitosan.

            Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that has attracted significant scientific interest during the last two decades. It is a potentially biologically compatible material that is chemically versatile (-NH2 groups and various M(w)). These two basic properties have been used by drug delivery and tissue engineering scientists to create a plethora of formulations and scaffolds that show promise in healthcare. Despite the high number of published studies, chitosan is not approved by the FDA for any product in drug delivery, and as a consequence very few biotech companies are using this material. This review will aim to provide information on these biological properties that affect chitosan's safe use in drug delivery. The term "Chitosan" represents a large group of structurally different chemical entities that may show different biodistribution, biodegradation and toxicological profiles. Here we aim to review research in this area and critically discuss chitosan's potential to be used as a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) material. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              Food applications of chitin and chitosans

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                03 August 2020
                August 2020
                : 13
                : 15
                : 3413
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87100 Torun, Poland; kasiawd@ 123456doktorant.umk.pl (K.W.-D.); patrycja.grebicka@ 123456vp.pl (P.G.); dudkiewicz.dor@ 123456gmail.com (D.C.-D.); halina@ 123456umk.pl (H.K.)
                [2 ]Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60780 Poznan, Poland; mlynarczykd@ 123456ump.edu.pl (D.T.M.); tomasz.goslinski@ 123456ump.edu.pl (T.G.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: martaz@ 123456umk.pl ; Tel.: +48-56-611-4916
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0688-130X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-0752
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-9749
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8708-6542
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5705-5414
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0502-9932
                Article
                materials-13-03413
                10.3390/ma13153413
                7435867
                32756340
                2be9e85d-8646-4467-a329-7b7a937299e6
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 09 July 2020
                : 31 July 2020
                Categories
                Article

                dialdehyde chitosan,dialdehyde starch,cross-linking,chitosan,microtox® test

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