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      Recordação autobiográfica: reconsiderando dados fenomenais e correlatos neurais Translated title: Autobiographical recollection: reconsidering phenomenological data and neural correlates

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          Abstract

          Investigações recentes sobre memória humana têm retomado a relevância dos dados fenomenais da experiência consciente de recordar. Essa tendência tem encontrado aceitação sobretudo no estudo da memória autobiográfica. Neste trabalho são revisadas soluções metodológicas adotadas no estudo de correlatos neurais desses processos. São apresentados dois modelos explicativos dos fenômenos da memória autobiográfica: o modelo de monitoramento de fonte e o modelo de processos componentes. No monitoramento de fonte, qualidades do estado de recordação determinam os julgamentos concernentes ao evento e à lembrança. Em contraste, o modelo de processos componentes não requer uma ordem serial para esse processamento, a percepção das qualidades e os julgamentos podendo ocorrer paralelamente. Argumenta-se que os dois modelos convergem por enfatizar os processos conscientes característicos da recordação. No contexto desses estudos constitui-se uma fenomenologia experimental, definida como o estudo empírico e sistemático de dados da experiência fenomenal, tomados como correlatos de processos cognitivos subjacentes.

          Translated abstract

          Recent inquiries on human memory have recovered the relevance of phenomenal data in understanding recollection. This trend has been consistent especially in autobiographical memory research. This study reviews some recent methodological approaches to the relationship between those processes and their neural correlates. Additionally, we review two frameworks for investigating autobiographical memory: source monitoring and component processes. In source monitoring, qualities of recollection determine judgments concerning the event and the memory itself. In contrast, the component process framework imposes no serial order for those processes, accepting that perception of qualities and judgments may occur in parallel. We argue that both models converge in stressing the implicit processes of recollection. Finally, both frameworks are ascribed to a common approach to the phenomenal qualities of experience. In that sense, they constitute an experimental phenomenology, understood as systematic empirical inquiry into conscious experience, with phenomenal data as correlates of implicit cognitive processes.

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          Most cited references35

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          Episodic memory: from mind to brain.

          Episodic memory is a neurocognitive (brain/mind) system, uniquely different from other memory systems, that enables human beings to remember past experiences. The notion of episodic memory was first proposed some 30 years ago. At that time it was defined in terms of materials and tasks. It was subsequently refined and elaborated in terms of ideas such as self, subjective time, and autonoetic consciousness. This chapter provides a brief history of the concept of episodic memory, describes how it has changed (indeed greatly changed) since its inception, considers criticisms of it, and then discusses supporting evidence provided by (a) neuropsychological studies of patterns of memory impairment caused by brain damage, and (b) functional neuroimaging studies of patterns of brain activity of normal subjects engaged in various memory tasks. I also suggest that episodic memory is a true, even if as yet generally unappreciated, marvel of nature.
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            Toward a theory of episodic memory: the frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness.

            Adult humans are capable of remembering prior events by mentally traveling back in time to re-experience those events. In this review, the authors discuss this and other related capabilities, considering evidence from such diverse sources as brain imaging, neuropsychological experiments, clinical observations, and developmental psychology. The evidence supports a preliminary theory of episodic remembering, which holds that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical, supervisory role in empowering healthy adults with autonoetic consciousness-the capacity to mentally represent and become aware of subjective experiences in the past, present, and future. When a rememberer mentally travels back in subjective time to re-experience his or her personal past, the result is an act of retrieval from episodic memory.
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              Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory.

              Emotional events often attain a privileged status in memory. Cognitive neuroscientists have begun to elucidate the psychological and neural mechanisms underlying emotional retention advantages in the human brain. The amygdala is a brain structure that directly mediates aspects of emotional learning and facilitates memory operations in other regions, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Emotion-memory interactions occur at various stages of information processing, from the initial encoding and consolidation of memory traces to their long-term retrieval. Recent advances are revealing new insights into the reactivation of latent emotional associations and the recollection of personal episodes from the remote past.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                aletheia
                Aletheia
                Aletheia
                Universidade Luterana do Brasil (Canoas, RS, Brazil )
                1413-0394
                June 2008
                : 27
                : 36-50
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul orgdiv1Instituto de Psicologia
                [01] orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Departamento de Psicologia
                Article
                S1413-03942008000100004 S1413-0394(08)00002704
                2c072565-75f5-44fb-aeb8-04a25e08918f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2007
                : August 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia

                Categories
                Artigos de pesquisa

                Memória autobiográfica,Neuroscience,Phenomenology,Recollection,Autobiographical memory,Neurociências,Fenomenologia,Recordação

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