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      Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive flexibility — linking memory and mood

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      Journal: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Abstract

          In this Review, Anacker and Hen explore how regulation of dentate gyrus function by adult hippocampal neurogenesis may link the memory and mood functions of the hippocampus. They also examine the potential of targeting such regulation for mood disorders.

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          More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment.

          G Kempermann, H Kuhn, F H Gage (1997)
          Neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus throughout the life of a rodent, but the function of these new neurons and the mechanisms that regulate their birth are unknown. Here we show that significantly more new neurons exist in the dentate gyrus of mice exposed to an enriched environment compared with littermates housed in standard cages. We also show, using unbiased stereology, that the enriched mice have a larger hippocampal granule cell layer and 15 per cent more granule cell neurons in the dentate gyrus.
          Article 0 comments Cited 635 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Organoids as an in vitro model of human development and disease.

            Aliya Fatehullah, Si Hui Tan, Nick Barker (2016)
            The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has already been established as an essential tool in many basic biology and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D model facilitates an accurate study of a range of in vivo biological processes including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutation or damage. In this Review, we discuss the current achievements, challenges and potential applications of this technique.
            Article 0 comments Cited 501 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Adult hippocampal neurogenesis buffers stress responses and depressive behavior

              Jason Snyder, Amélie Soumier, Michelle Brewer … (2011)
              Summary Glucocorticoids are released in response to stressful experiences and serve many beneficial homeostatic functions. However, dysregulation of glucocorticoids is associated with cognitive impairments and depressive illness 1, 2 . In the hippocampus, a brain region densely populated with receptors for stress hormones, stress and glucocorticoids strongly inhibit adult neurogenesis 3 . Decreased neurogenesis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depression, but direct evidence for this role is lacking 4, 5 . Here we show that adult-born hippocampal neurons are required for normal expression of the endocrine and behavioral components of the stress response. Using transgenic and radiation methods to specifically inhibit adult neurogenesis, we find that glucocorticoid levels are slower to recover after moderate stress and are less suppressed by dexamethasone in neurogenesis-deficient mice compared with intact mice, consistent with a role for the hippocampus in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis 6, 7 . Relative to controls, neurogenesis-deficient mice showed increased food avoidance in a novel environment after acute stress, increased behavioral despair in the forced swim test, and decreased sucrose preference, a measure of anhedonia. These findings identify a small subset of neurons within the dentate gyrus that are critical for hippocampal negative control of the HPA axis and support a direct role for adult neurogenesis in depressive illness.
              Article 0 comments Cited 491 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Nature Reviews Neuroscience
                Abbreviated Title: Nat Rev Neurosci
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 1471-003X
                ISSN (Electronic): 1471-0048
                Publication date Created: May 4 2017
                Publication date (Print): May 4 2017
                Volume:
                Issue:
                Article
                DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.45
                PMC ID: 6261347
                PubMed ID: 28469276
                SO-VID: 2c21dc18-80be-4e8f-bb55-d245a87e6002
                Copyright © © 2017
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