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      Low‐Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer

      review-article
      1 , 2 , 3 , , 1 ,
      Advanced Science
      John Wiley and Sons Inc.
      bisphenol A, breast cancer, carcinogenesis, low doses

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          Abstract

          Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer‐promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low‐dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.

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          Bisphenol A and human health: a review of the literature.

          There is growing evidence that bisphenol A (BPA) may adversely affect humans. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between BPA and health effects in humans. However, in the last year, the number of these studies has more than doubled. A comprehensive literature search found 91 studies linking BPA to human health; 53 published within the last year. This review outlines this body of literature, showing associations between BPA exposure and adverse perinatal, childhood, and adult health outcomes, including reproductive and developmental effects, metabolic disease, and other health effects. These studies encompass both prenatal and postnatal exposures, and include several study designs and population types. While it is difficult to make causal links with epidemiological studies, the growing human literature correlating environmental BPA exposure to adverse effects in humans, along with laboratory studies in many species including primates, provides increasing support that environmental BPA exposure can be harmful to humans, especially in regards to behavioral and other effects in children. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer.

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              In vitro molecular mechanisms of bisphenol A action.

              Bisphenol A (BPA, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane; CAS# 80-05-7) is a chemical used primarily in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic, epoxy resins and as a non-polymer additive to other plastics. Recent evidence has demonstrated that human and wildlife populations are exposed to levels of BPA which cause adverse reproductive and developmental effects in a number of different wildlife species and laboratory animal models. However, there are major uncertainties surrounding the spectrum of BPA's mechanisms of action, the tissue-specific impacts of exposures, and the critical windows of susceptibility during which target tissues are sensitive to BPA exposures. As a foundation to address some of those uncertainties, this review was prepared by the "In vitro" expert sub-panel assembled during the "Bisphenol A: An Examination of the Relevance of Ecological, In vitro and Laboratory Animal Studies for Assessing Risks to Human Health" workshop held in Chapel Hill, NC, Nov 28-29, 2006. The specific charge of this expert panel was to review and assess the strength of the published literature pertaining to the mechanisms of BPA action. The resulting document is a detailed review of published studies that have focused on the mechanistic basis of BPA action in diverse experimental models and an assessment of the strength of the evidence regarding the published BPA research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                liuhy@mail.buct.edu.cn
                sjliu@rcees.ac.cn
                Journal
                Adv Sci (Weinh)
                Adv Sci (Weinh)
                10.1002/(ISSN)2198-3844
                ADVS
                Advanced Science
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                2198-3844
                21 November 2016
                February 2017
                : 4
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1002/advs.v4.2 )
                : 1600248
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085China
                [ 2 ] School of Public HealthXinxiang Medical University Xinxiang Henan Province 453003China
                [ 3 ] Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029China
                Author notes
                Article
                ADVS248
                10.1002/advs.201600248
                5323866
                28251049
                2c7576eb-6aa1-43c0-a1f3-711f83d4b2a5
                © 2016 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 29 June 2016
                : 01 September 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 9, Tables: 3, Pages: 14, Words: 12182
                Funding
                Funded by: national “973” program
                Award ID: 2014CB932000
                Award ID: 2016YFA0201500
                Funded by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
                Award ID: 21407172
                Award ID: 21377159
                Award ID: 21207152
                Award ID: 21425731
                Award ID: 51572271
                Award ID: 31271075
                Funded by: Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
                Award ID: XDB14000000
                Funded by: Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
                Award ID: Buctrc201610
                Award ID: JD1609
                Categories
                Review
                Reviews
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                advs248
                February 2017
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.0.7 mode:remove_FC converted:24.02.2017

                bisphenol a,breast cancer,carcinogenesis,low doses
                bisphenol a, breast cancer, carcinogenesis, low doses

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