17
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Berberis vulgaris and its constituent berberine as antidotes and protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Berberis vulgaris L ( B. vulgaris) and its main constituent berberine have been used in traditional medicine for a long time. This medicinal plant and berberine have many properties that have attracted the attention of researchers over the time. According to several studies, B. vulgaris and berberine exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, anti-Alzheimer, anti-cancer, anti-arrhythmic, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-diabetic effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In regard to many reports on protective effects of B. vulgaris and berberine on natural and chemical toxins, in the current review article, the inhibitory effects of these compounds against natural, industrial, environmental and chemical toxicities with focus on cellular mechanism have been categorized. It has been mentioned that berberine could ameliorate toxicity of chemical toxins in brain, heart, kidney, liver and lung in part through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.

          Related collections

          Most cited references103

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy

          Understanding the pathophysiogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) largely rests on the use of models of status epilepticus (SE), as in the case of the pilocarpine model. The main features of TLE are: (i) epileptic foci in the limbic system; (ii) an “initial precipitating injury”; (iii) the so-called “latent period”; and (iv) the presence of hippocampal sclerosis leading to reorganization of neuronal networks. Many of these characteristics can be reproduced in rodents by systemic injection of pilocarpine; in this animal model, SE is followed by a latent period and later by the appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRSs). These processes are, however, influenced by experimental conditions such as rodent species, strain, gender, age, doses and routes of pilocarpine administration, as well as combinations with other drugs administered before and/or after SE. In the attempt to limit these sources of variability, we evaluated the methodological procedures used by several investigators in the pilocarpine model; in particular, we have focused on the behavioural, electrophysiological and histopathological findings obtained with different protocols. We addressed the various experimental approaches published to date, by comparing mortality rates, onset of SRSs, neuronal damage, and network reorganization. Based on the evidence reviewed here, we propose that the pilocarpine model can be a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in TLE, and even more so when standardized to reduce mortality at the time of pilocarpine injection, differences in latent period duration, variability in the lesion extent, and SRS frequency.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

            Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a rapidly progressive illness of unknown cause characterized by sequential acute lung injury with subsequent scarring and end-stage lung disease. Treatment at present remains largely supportive, with evidence that patients' satisfaction and survival may be improved by referral to centers specializing in the evaluation of interstitial lung diseases. Although no drug therapy has clearly been demonstrated to benefit patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a number of novel investigational agents hold promise for future study. Given the poor prognosis associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, patients should be referred to regional centers of expertise for enrollment in therapeutic clinical trials or for lung transplantation.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The validity of scopolamine as a pharmacological model for cognitive impairment: a review of animal behavioral studies.

              Scopolamine is used as a standard/reference drug for inducing cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals. Effects are often interpreted in terms of a role of acetylcholine in mnemonic and/or attentional processes. In this paper an overview is given of the effects of scopolamine on animal behavior. Examination of the dose-response curve of systemically administered scopolamine indicates that sensory discrimination and attention are most sensitive to disruption. When higher doses (>0.03mg/kg) are used, deficits in other cognitive and non-cognitive functions (e.g., learning and memory, locomotor activity) are reported. Several behavioral processes (taste aversion, anxiety, short-term memory, attention) are found to be affected after intracerebral injections of scopolamine. It is concluded that effects on learning and memory performance which are observed after higher doses of scopolamine are mediated by (1) primary effects on attention and sensory/stimulus discrimination, (2) non-specific effects on behavior (e.g., locomotor activity, anxiety), and (3) peripheral side-effects (e.g., pupil dilation, salivation). Finally, the validity of scopolamine as a pharmacological model for cognitive impairment is discussed. The use of muscarinic M1 antagonists is suggested as a more selective and effective way of inducing cholinergic-induced cognitive deficits.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Iran J Basic Med Sci
                Iran J Basic Med Sci
                Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
                Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Iran )
                2008-3866
                2008-3874
                May 2017
                : 20
                : 5
                : 538-551
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [2 ]Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                [3 ]Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: Hossein Hosseinzadeh. Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-38819042; Fax: +98-51-38823251; email: hosseinzadehh@ 123456mums.ac.ir
                Article
                IJBMS-20-538
                10.22038/IJBMS.2017.8678
                5478782
                28656089
                2c8da49f-a7b5-4ba4-b46a-e84f49cc242d
                Copyright: © Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 26 October 2016
                : 13 April 2017
                Categories
                Reivew Article

                antidote,anti-inflammation,antioxidant,barberry,berberine,berberis vulgaris,chemical toxin,natural toxin

                Comments

                Comment on this article