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      Malformaciones congénitas como causa de hospitalización en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Translated title: Congenital malformations as a cause of hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

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          Abstract

          Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas (MC) son un problema importante de salud pública y la principal causa de muerte en niños. Representan el 20% de la mortalidad infantil en el primer año de vida. Objetivo: Evaluar la contribución de las MC como causa de hospitalización en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, basado en el uso de datos obtenidos de una población de neonatos. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en 2,907 neonatos del año 2005-2009, evaluados y categorizados por MC a través de CIE-10, OMS, obtenido por medio del expediente clínico al ingreso a la UCINEX, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara ''Fray Antonio Alcalde''. Los resultados fueron evaluados en porcentaje y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: Doscientos noventa y cinco neonatos (10%) presentaron MC; 67% fueron masculinos y 33%, femeninos. Mielomeningocele fue la MC más frecuente (13%), mientras que el aparato gastrointestinal fue el más afectado con 27% de las MC. Las anormalidades cromosómicas generaron la estancia intrahospitalaria más elevada (20.5 ± 5.5 días), el sistema cardiovascular presentó 34% de defunción. La mortalidad resultó en 14.2%; 60% de las MC se intervinieron quirúrgicamente y el 64.5% radicaba en la zona metropolitana del Estado de Jalisco. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la contribución de las MC en la mortalidad neonatal es importante para la integración de medidas preventivas y planificación de estrategias eficaces de atención a la salud, especialmente en las causas, tratamiento y prevención de estos trastornos. Esta información resalta la importancia de estudiar más a fondo el reconocimiento precoz de la morbimortalidad en la población pediátrica.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) are a major public health problem and the leading cause of death in children; representing 20% of infant mortality in the first year of life. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of CM as a cause of hospitalization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Material and methods: We performed a retrospective, observational, transversal and descriptive study, in which we reviewed the medical records of 2,907 neonates, which entered the External Service of Neonatal Intensive Care (UCINEX) of the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', in the period 2005-2009 with the diagnostic of congenital malformations (CM) according to the WHO ICD-10. Statistics: measures of central tendency and percentages were done. Results: Two hundred ninety five infants (10.14%) had CM, 67% male and 33% female. CM myelomeningocele was the most frequent (12.9%). The gastrointestinal tract was the most affected with 27.4% of CM, chromosomal abnormalities generated more days of hospitalization (20.5 ± 5.5 days), the cardiovascular system showed 34.2% of deaths. The overall mortality was 14.2%; 60% of CM was treated surgically and 64.5% of the mothers of these infants were living in the metropolitan area of Jalisco State. Conclusions: Knowledge of the contribution of CM to neonatal mortality is important for the integration of preventive measures and plan effective strategies for its prevention, identify their causes and establish treatment. This information highlights the importance of further study of early recognition of the morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.

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          Contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations. A population-based study.

          To estimate the contribution of birth defects and genetic diseases to pediatric hospitalizations by use of population-based data. Hospital discharges were categorized according to the diagnostic codes of The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Hospitalizations that were related to birth defects and genetic diseases were compared with hospitalizations for other reasons, with respect to age, race/ethnicity, sex, length of stay, charges, source of payment, and mortality rate. Hospitalization rates and per capita charges were computed with the use of population estimates from 1990 census data. The 1991 population-based hospital discharge data from California and South Carolina. Nearly 12% of pediatric hospitalizations in the 2 states combined were related to birth defects and genetic diseases. These children were, on average, about 3 years younger, stayed 3 days longer in a hospital, incurred 184% higher charges, and had a 4 1/2 times greater in-hospital mortality rate than children who were hospitalized for other reasons. The rate of hospitalizations that were related to birth defects and genetic diseases was 4 per 1000 children in both states, but these rates varied by age and race. These population-based data are the first contemporary findings to show the substantial morbidity rate and hospitalization charges associated with birth defects and genetic diseases in the pediatric population. This information is important for planning effective health care strategies, especially as the causes, treatments, and prevention of these disorders are being further elucidated by findings from human genome research and epidemiologic studies.
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            Contribution of malformations and genetic disorders to mortality in a children's hospital.

            Malformations and genetic disorders are the leading cause of infant mortality in the US. Many malformations have a genetic basis due to genic, chromosomal, or multifactorial causation. We have studied the proportion of pediatric cases in a university-affiliated children's hospital that died of malformations and genetic disorders. We reviewed, retrospectively, deaths over a 4 year period (1994-1998) at Primary Children's Medical Center (PCMC), a university-affiliated tertiary children's referral hospital in Utah. The age at death and the cause of death were recorded for each case. We analyzed 523 cases; 180 (34.4%) deaths were due to malformations and genetic disorders. Of those 180, 30 (16.7%) had chromosome anomalies, 21 (11.7%) had a recognizable malformation syndrome, 118 (65.6%) had a malformation of unknown cause, and 11 (6.1%) had some other genetic disorder. One hundred and twenty-two (23.3%) deaths were due to trauma (accidental and non-accidental). Seventy-nine (15.1%) deaths were due to short gestation or perinatal complications. Forty-five (8.6%) deaths were due to an infectious disease and 45 (8.6%) from neoplasms. Thirteen (2.5%) were diagnosed for sudden infant death "syndrome." Twelve (2.3%) patients with malformations and/or genetic disorders died of an acquired condition not clearly related to the underlying disorder. Seven (1.3%) patients died of an unknown cause and 20 (3.8%) patients died of other specified conditions. In addition, 51.0% patients (age <1 year) died of a malformation and/or genetic disorder. Genetic disorders and malformations are a substantial cause of mortality in a referral pediatric hospital. Knowledge of the impact of genetic diseases on mortality is important for the integration of preventive measures and health care strategies to care effectively for patients and their families. This information emphasizes the importance of further study of whether or not early recognition influences mortality rate and management. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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              Langman: Embriología Médica con Orientación Clínica

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                prh
                Perinatología y reproducción humana
                Perinatol. Reprod. Hum.
                Instituto Nacional de Perinatología (México )
                0187-5337
                June 2012
                : 26
                : 2
                : 83-89
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', Guadalajara, Jalisco. CUCS, UDG
                [2 ] Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', Guadalajara, Jalisco. CUCS, UDG
                [3 ] Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', Guadalajara, Jalisco. CUCS, UDG
                [4 ] Hospital Civil ''Fray Antonio Alcalde'', Guadalajara, Jalisco. CUCS, UDG
                Article
                S0187-53372012000200002
                2ca63882-aab4-419d-a856-93dc32e5f79d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Pediatrics

                Pediatrics,Obstetrics & Gynecology
                Congenital malformations,neonatal,prevention,mortality,Malformaciones congénitas,neonatos,prevención,mortalidad

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