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      Indicadores basados en consumo en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos sin implantación de PROA Translated title: Indicators based on consumption in an intensive care unit without antimicrobial stewardship programs implementation

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Medir los indicadores del uso hospitalario de antibióticos basados en datos de consumo, comparando datos entre 2018 y 2019 en una Unidad de Medicina Intensiva de un hospital de tercer nivel sin implantación de Programas de Optimización de Antibióticos (PROA). Métodos: Asignar un valor a cada indicador evaluado en base a datos de consumo empleando los datos del programa de gestión del Servicio de Farmacia y las DDD por cada 100 estancias. En base a la diferencia de las medias obtenidas entre 2018 y 2019 se calculó la significación estadística mediante la t-Student de medidas pareadas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 13 indicadores, de los cuales sólo 2 (15%) presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, el consumo de fluorquinolonas y el ratio fluconazol/equinocandinas, mostrando una evolución positiva. Conclusiones: El empleo de estos indicadores deberían estandarizarse para la evaluación de las políticas antibióticas de los centros, lo que serviría para establecer comparaciones entre centros de similares características o bien la evolución temporal para un mismo centro y/o servicio. Esto permitiría detectar puntos críticos y establecer acciones de mejora, entre ellas la creación de equipos PROA, especialmente en unidades de pacientes críticos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: The aim of our study is to calculate the indicators of hospital use of antimicrobial agents based on consumption, comparing data from 2018 with data from 2019 in an Intensive Care Unit of a third level hospital without an stewardship program. Methods: Retrospective study in which we assigned a value to each indicator based on consumption using DDD per 100 bed-stays. Data was obtained using the pharmacy management software. Statistical analysis was performed by t-Student test based on the difference of means obtained in 2018 and 2019 respectively. Results: 13 indicators were evaluated, only 2 of them (15%) showed an statistically significant difference between periods, the consumption of fluoroquinolones and the fluconazole/ echinocandin ratio, both showing a positive evolution. Conclusions: The use of these indicators should be standardized in order to evaluate antibiotic policies, which will help establishing comparisons between centers of specific characteristics or studying the temporal evolution for the same center and/or service. This will allow detecting critical points and establishing improvement actions, including the creation of stewardship programs, especially in critical care units.

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          Bad bugs, no drugs: no ESKAPE! An update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

          The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) continues to view with concern the lean pipeline for novel therapeutics to treat drug-resistant infections, especially those caused by gram-negative pathogens. Infections now occur that are resistant to all current antibacterial options. Although the IDSA is encouraged by the prospect of success for some agents currently in preclinical development, there is an urgent, immediate need for new agents with activity against these panresistant organisms. There is no evidence that this need will be met in the foreseeable future. Furthermore, we remain concerned that the infrastructure for discovering and developing new antibacterials continues to stagnate, thereby risking the future pipeline of antibacterial drugs. The IDSA proposed solutions in its 2004 policy report, "Bad Bugs, No Drugs: As Antibiotic R&D Stagnates, a Public Health Crisis Brews," and recently issued a "Call to Action" to provide an update on the scope of the problem and the proposed solutions. A primary objective of these periodic reports is to encourage a community and legislative response to establish greater financial parity between the antimicrobial development and the development of other drugs. Although recent actions of the Food and Drug Administration and the 110th US Congress present a glimmer of hope, significant uncertainly remains. Now, more than ever, it is essential to create a robust and sustainable antibacterial research and development infrastructure--one that can respond to current antibacterial resistance now and anticipate evolving resistance. This challenge requires that industry, academia, the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US Department of Defense, and the new Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority at the Department of Health and Human Services work productively together. This report provides an update on potentially effective antibacterial drugs in the late-stage development pipeline, in the hope of encouraging such collaborative action.
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            Targeting virulence: a new paradigm for antimicrobial therapy.

            Clinically significant antibiotic resistance has evolved against virtually every antibiotic deployed. Yet the development of new classes of antibiotics has lagged far behind our growing need for such drugs. Rather than focusing on therapeutics that target in vitro viability, much like conventional antibiotics, an alternative approach is to target functions essential for infection, such as virulence factors required to cause host damage and disease. This approach has several potential advantages including expanding the repertoire of bacterial targets, preserving the host endogenous microbiome, and exerting less selective pressure, which may result in decreased resistance. We review new approaches to targeting virulence, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and propose that in addition to targeting virulence, new antimicrobial development strategies should be expanded to include targeting bacterial gene functions that are essential for in vivo viability. We highlight both new advances in identifying these functions and prospects for antimicrobial discovery targeting this unexploited area.
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              Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Population Perspective

              The need to stem the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance has prompted multiple, sometimes conflicting, calls for changes in the use of antimicrobial agents. One source of disagreement concerns the major mechanisms by which antibiotics select resistant strains. For infections like tuberculosis, in which resistance can emerge in treated hosts through mutation, prevention of antimicrobial resistance in individual hosts is a primary method of preventing the spread of resistant organisms in the community. By contrast, for many other important resistant pathogens, such as penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium resistance is mediated by the acquisition of genes or gene fragments by horizontal transfer; resistance in the treated host is a relatively rare event. For these organisms, indirect, population-level mechanisms of selection account for the increase in the prevalence of resistance. These mechanisms can operate even when treatment has a modest, or even negative, effect on an individual host’s colonization with resistant organisms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                March 2023
                : 33
                : 1
                : 27-31
                Affiliations
                [1] Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameHospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia España iplagar@ 123456gobiernodecanarias.org
                [2] Santa Cruz de Tenerife orgnameHospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Intensiva España
                Article
                S1699-714X2023000100006 S1699-714X(23)03300100006
                10.4321/s1699-714x2023000100006
                2cd0a05e-4118-43d3-b7e4-826bca694c9f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 April 2021
                : 11 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Intensive,Indicadores,PROA,antimicrobianos,UCI,Indicator,ASP,antimicrobians

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