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      Pathogenesis in Pine Wilt Caused by Pinewood Nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

      Journal of nematology
      Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, pathogenesis, pathology, pine wilt disease, pinewood nematode

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          Abstract

          The progression of events in the development of pine wilt disease following the invasion by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is reviewed from early migration through pine tissues until symptom development on foliage. Disease resistance in pines, especially the hypersensitive reaction that is successful in controlling many potential pests and pathogens, is explored. Pathologies resulting from the activities of pinewood nematode include cortical trails and cavities; formation of cambial gaps and traumatic resin cysts; browning and death of cortex, phloem, cambium, and ray tissues; granulation and shrinkage of cell cytoplasm in rays; and destruction of resin canal epithelial and ray parenchyma cells. Death of parenchyma, production of toxins, and leakage of oleoresins and other material into tracheids are typical of the hypersensitive reaction occurring in pines following migration of small numbers of pinewood nematodes. The hypothesis presented is that a spreading hypersensitive reaction results in some of the observed pathologies and symptoms and eventually causes pine death. The growth-differentiation balance hypothesis is used to help explain predisposition, oleoresin production and toxicity, susceptibility and resistance, and the effects of variation in climate on host pines as related to pinewilt disease.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          J. Nematol.
          Journal of nematology
          0022-300X
          0022-300X
          Apr 1988
          : 20
          : 2
          Article
          2618809
          19290207
          2d04921e-5d9c-4753-9df8-82b31061ecef
          History

          Bursaphelenchus xylophilus,pathogenesis,pathology,pine wilt disease,pinewood nematode

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