Immunomodulation for maxillofacial reconstructive surgery

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Immunomodulation is a technique for the modulation of immune responses against graft material to improve surgical success rates. The main target cell for the immunomodulation is a macrophage because it is the reaction site of the graft and controls the healing process. Macrophages can be classified into M1 and M2 types. Most immunomodulation techniques focus on the rapid differentiation of M2-type macrophage. An M2 inducer, 4-hexylresorcinol, has been recently identified and is used for bone grafts and dental implant coatings.

Related collections

Most cited references 64

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing.

Robert F. Diegelmann, Melissa Evans (2004)

Acute wounds normally heal in a very orderly and efficient manner characterized by four distinct, but overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Specific biological markers characterize healing of acute wounds. Likewise, unique biologic markers also characterize pathologic responses resulting in fibrosis and chronic non-healing ulcers. This review describes the major biological processes associated with both normal and pathologic healing. The normal healing response begins the moment the tissue is injured. As the blood components spill into the site of injury, the platelets come into contact with exposed collagen and other elements of the extracellular matrix. This contact triggers the platelets to release clotting factors as well as essential growth factors and cytokines such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Following hemostasis, the neutrophils then enter the wound site and begin the critical task of phagocytosis to remove foreign materials, bacteria and damaged tissue. As part of this inflammatory phase, the macrophages appear and continue the process of phagocytosis as well as releasing more PDGF and TGF beta. Once the wound site is cleaned out, fibroblasts migrate in to begin the proliferative phase and deposit new extracellular matrix. The new collagen matrix then becomes cross-linked and organized during the final remodeling phase. In order for this efficient and highly controlled repair process to take place, there are numerous cell-signaling events that are required. In pathologic conditions such as non-healing pressure ulcers, this efficient and orderly process is lost and the ulcers are locked into a state of chronic inflammation characterized by abundant neutrophil infiltration with associated reactive oxygen species and destructive enzymes. Healing proceeds only after the inflammation is controlled. On the opposite end of the spectrum, fibrosis is characterized by excessive matrix deposition and reduced remodeling. Often fibrotic lesions are associated with increased densities of mast cells. By understanding the functional relationships of these biological processes of normal compared to abnormal wound healing, hopefully new strategies can be designed to treat the pathological conditions.

0 comments Cited 357 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences.

Robert Stout, Chuancang Jiang, Bharati Matta … (2005)

Recent studies have described the development of distinct functional subsets of macrophages in association with cancer, autoimmune disease, and chronic infections. Based on the ability of Th1 vs Th2 cytokines to promote opposing activities in macrophages, it has been proposed that macrophages develop into either type 1 inflammatory or type 2 anti-inflammatory subsets. As an alternative to the concept of subset development, we propose that macrophages, in response to changes in their tissue environment, can reversibly and progressively change the pattern of functions that they express. As demonstrated herein, macrophages can reversibly shift their functional phenotype through a multitude of patterns in response to changes in cytokine environment. Macrophages display distinct functional patterns after treatment with IFN-gamma, IL-12, IL-4, or IL-10 and additional functional patterns are displayed depending on whether the cytokine is present alone or with other cytokines and whether the cytokines are added before or concomitantly with the activating stimulus (LPS). Sequential treatment of macrophages with multiple cytokines results in a progression through multiple functional phenotypes. This ability to adapt to changing cytokine environments has significant in vivo relevance, as evidenced by the demonstration that macrophage functional phenotypes established in vivo in aged or tumor-bearing mice can be altered by changing their microenvironment. A concept of functional adaptivity is proposed that has important implications for therapeutic targeting of macrophages in chronic diseases that result in the dominance of particular functional phenotypes of macrophages that play a significant role in disease pathology.

0 comments Cited 260 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation.

F Porcheray, S Viaud, A-C Rimaniol … (2005)

Macrophages play a central role in inflammation and host defence against microorganisms, but they also participate actively in the resolution of inflammation after alternative activation. However, it is not known whether the resolution of inflammation requires alternative activation of new resting monocytes/macrophages or if proinflammatory activated macrophages have the capacity to switch their activation towards anti-inflammation. In order to answer this question, we first characterized differential human macrophage activation phenotypes. We found that CD163 and CD206 exhibited mutually exclusive induction patterns after stimulation by a panel of anti-inflammatory molecules, whereas CCL18 showed a third, overlapping, pattern. Hence, alternative activation is not a single process, but provides a variety of different cell populations. The capacity of macrophages to switch from one activation state to another was then assessed by determining the reversibility of CD163 and CD206 expression and of CCL18 and CCL3 production. We found that every activation state was rapidly and fully reversible, suggesting that a given cell may participate sequentially in both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. These findings may provide new insight into the inflammatory process as well as new fields of investigation for immunotherapy in the fields of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.

0 comments Cited 230 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Seong-Gon Kim: kimsg@gwnu.ac.kr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg

Title: Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Publisher: Springer Singapore (Singapore )

ISSN (Print): 2288-8101

ISSN (Electronic): 2288-8586

Publication date (Electronic): 5 March 2020

Publication date PMC-release: 5 March 2020

Publication date Collection: December 2020

Volume: 42

Issue: 1

Electronic Location Identifier: 5

Affiliations

GRID grid.411733.3, ISNI 0000 0004 0532 811X, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, , Gangneung-Wonju National University, ; Gangneung, Jukhyun-gil 25457 South Korea

Article

Publisher ID: 249

DOI: 10.1186/s40902-020-00249-4

PMC ID: 7058765

SO-VID: 2d2d44bf-afa0-4943-be6d-157c94818572

License:

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 23 January 2020

Date accepted : 24 February 2020

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003627, Rural Development Administration;

Award ID: PJ01313902

Award Recipient : Seong-Gon Kim

Custom metadata

Keywords: immunomodulation,macrophage,wound healing,4-hexylresorcinol

Data availability:

Keywords: immunomodulation, macrophage, wound healing, 4-hexylresorcinol

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 12

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 1,093

See all reference authors

Immunomodulation for maxillofacial reconstructive surgery

Read this article at

Abstract

Related collections

SICOT-J (Orthopedic surgery and traumatology)

Most cited references 64

Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing.

Macrophages sequentially change their functional phenotype in response to changes in microenvironmental influences.

Macrophage activation switching: an asset for the resolution of inflammation.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Funding

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 151

Cited by 12

Most referenced authors 1,093