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      Manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico parasitológico de la infección intestinal causada por dientamoeba Fragilis

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          Abstract

          Dientamoeba fragilis (Df), un flagelado intestinal humano del orden Trichomonadida, ha sido asociado con síntomas gastrointestinales. El diagnóstico se hace por la observación de trofozoítos binucleados en las heces, en cultivo, o con biología molecular. En este trabajo se integran datos clínicos y parasitológicos de pacientes con Df, para establecer una relación con los síntomas, asociación con otros parásitos intestinales y evaluar los métodos de diagnóstico parasitológico. De 3729 pacientes evaluados entre 1974 y 2005, en el Laboratorio de Amibiasis, Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, se encontró 51 casos (1,4%) con Df, en 33,3% como único agente y en 66,7% asociado con otros protozoarios. La asociación mas frecuente fue con Blastocystis hominis (Bh) (35,3 %), o Bh y otros protozoarios (31,4%). No se observó asociación con nemátodos intestinales. En 16 pacientes con Df sola y en 28 asociada con Bh y comensales, los síntomas más frecuentes fueron respectivamente: diarrea (64,7% y 32,1%), dolor abdominal (11,7% y 25%), vómitos (11,7% y 14,4%). La frecuencia de Df en el grupo etario entre 1-10 años fue 39,2% y resultó estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). El examen seriado de heces con directo, coloración de Hematoxilina férrica (Hf) y cultivo en medio de Boeck- Drbohlav (modificado) detectó mayor número de casos (58,8%), siendo estadísticamente significativo (p=0,032) al comparar los casos detectados con el directo y Hf (41,2%). Se recomienda considerar a Df como un patógeno intestinal cuando se encuentra en personas con síntomas y en ausencia de otros patógenos conocidos, e investigarla con los métodos recomendados, especialmente con el cultivo que incrementará la posibilidad del hallazgo.

          Translated abstract

          Dientamoeba fragilis (Df), a human intestinal flagellated of the Trichomonadida order, has been associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis is made by observation of binucleated trophozoites in faeces, culture, or by using molecular biology. In this work, clinical and parasitological data of patients with Df are integrated, to establish a relation with the symptoms, the association with other intestinal parasites and to evaluate the methods used for parasitological diagnosis. Of 3729 patients evaluated between 1974 and 2005, in Laboratorio de Amibiasis, Cátedra de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 51 cases were positive for Df (1.4%); of these, Df was the only agent in 33.3% and in 66.7% it was associated with other protozoa. The most frequent association found was with Blastocystis hominis (Bh) (35.3%), or Bh and other protozoa (31.4%). No intestinal nematodes were found. In 16 patients with Df alone and 28 patients with Df, Bh and comensals, the most frequent symptoms were, diarrhea (64.7% and 32.1%), abdominal pain (11.7% and 25%), vomits (11.7% and 14.4%) respectively. There was statistical significance (p<0.001) on the frequency of Df (39.2%) in the group between 1-10 years. The examination of more than one faecal sample using fresh unpreserved stools samples, ferric hematoxylin stain and culture on Boeck- Drbohlav modified medium detected a greater number of cases (58.8%), as compared when using the two first methods only (41.2%), being statistically significant (p=0.032). It is recommended to consider Df as a pathogen when found in people with intestinal symptoms, in absence of other known pathogens, and to follow the methods mentioned above, specially with the culture which will increase the possibility of recovering this protozoa.

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          Methods for cultivation of luminal parasitic protists of clinical importance.

          Cultivation of luminal protistan parasites has a long history. In this review we discuss the methods and media that are most widely used for the establishment and maintenance of the following organisms in culture: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Dientamoeba fragilis, Blastocystis hominis, and Balantidium coli. While cultivation is of limited importance in the diagnostic laboratory, it is essential to most research laboratories, and it is toward the latter that this review is primarily aimed.
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            Irritable bowel syndrome: a review on the role of intestinal protozoa and the importance of their detection and diagnosis.

            Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder in which abdominal pain is associated with a defect or a change in bowel habits. Gut inflammation is one of the proposed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Recent studies have described a possible role for protozoan parasites, such as Blastocystis hominis and Dientamoeba fragilis, in the etiology of IBS. Dientamoeba fragilis is known to cause IBS-like symptoms and has a propensity to cause chronic infections but its diagnosis relies on microscopy of stained smears, which many laboratories do not perform, thereby leading to the misdiagnosis of dientamoebiasis as IBS. The role of B. hominis as an etiological agent of IBS is inconclusive, due to contradictory reports and the controversial nature of B. hominis as a human pathogen. Although Entamoeba histolytica infections occur predominately in developing regions of the world, clinical diagnosis of amebiasis is often difficult because symptoms of patients with IBS may closely mimic those patients with non-dysenteric amoebic colitis. Clinical manifestations of Giardia intestinalis infection also vary from asymptomatic carriage to acute and chronic diarrhoea with abdominal pain. These IBS-like symptoms can be continuous, intermittent, sporadic or recurrent, sometimes lasting years without correct diagnosis. It is essential that all patients with IBS undergo routine parasitological investigations in order to rule out the presence of protozoan parasites as the causative agents of the clinical signs.
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              Irritable bowel syndrome: in search of an etiology: role of Blastocystis hominis.

              This study was designed to examine stool specimens of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients for Blastocystis hominis, a common intestinal parasite. One hundred fifty patients were enrolled, 95 IBS cases and 55 controls. These patients provided a medical history, and underwent physical and laboratory evaluations that included stool microscopy and culture for B. hominis and colonoscopy. The 95 cases (51 males and 44 females) had a mean +/- SD age of 37.8 +/- 13.2 years. Stool microscopy was positive for B. hominis in 32% (30 of 95) of the cases and 7% (4 of 55) of the controls (P = 0.001). Stool culture was positive in 46% (44 of 95) of the cases and 7% (4 of 55) of the controls (P < 0.001). Stool culture for B. hominis in IBS was more sensitive than microscopy (P < 0.001). Blastocystis hominis was frequently demonstrated in the stool samples of IBS patients; however, its significance in IBS still needs to be investigated. Stool culture has a higher positive yield for B. hominis than stool microscopy.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Role: ND
                Journal
                gen
                Gen
                Gen
                Sociedad Venezolana de Gastroentereología (Caracas )
                0016-3503
                September 2008
                : 62
                : 3
                : 217-222
                Affiliations
                [1 ] UCV Venezuela
                [2 ] UCV Venezuela
                [3 ] UCV Venezuela
                [4 ] UCV Venezuela
                [5 ] UCV Venezuela
                [6 ] Universidad Simón Bolívar Venezuela
                [7 ] UCV Venezuela
                [8 ] UCV Venezuela
                Article
                S0016-35032008000300013
                2d2e05f9-3add-41d4-a170-68dc2b2b5132

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Venezuela

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0016-3503&lng=en

                Dientamoeba fragilis,intestinal protozoosis,parasitism,diarrhea,protozoosis intestinal,parasitosis,diarrea

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