Supersymmetry Breaking and Ghost Goldstino in Modulated Vacua

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Abstract

We discuss spontaneous supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking mechanisms by means of modulated vacua in four-dimensional \({\cal N} =1\) supersymmetric field theories. The SUSY breaking due to spatially modulated vacua is extended to the cases of temporally and light-like modulated vacua, using a higher-derivative model with a chiral superfield, free from the Ostrogradsky instability and the auxiliary field problem. For all the kinds of modulated vacua, SUSY is spontaneously broken and the fermion in the chiral superfield becomes a Goldstino. We further investigate the stability of the modulated vacua. The vacua are (meta-)stable if the vacuum energy density is non-negative. However, the vacua become unstable due to the presence of the ghost Goldstino if the vacuum energy density is negative. Finally, we derive the relation between the presence of the ghost Goldstino and the negative vacuum energy density in the modulated vacua using the SUSY algebra.

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Chiral symmetry and density wave in quark matter

T Tatsumi, E Nakano (2004)

A density wave in quark matter is discussed at finite temperature, which occurs along with the chiral condensation, and is described by a dual standing wave in scalar and pseudo-scalar condensates on the chiral circle. The mechanism is quite similar to that for the spin density wave suggested by Overhauser, and entirely reflects many-body effects. It is found that the chiral condensed phase with the density wave develops at a high-density region just outside the usual chiral-transition line in phase diagram. A magnetic property of the density wave is also elucidated.

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BPS States in Supersymmetric Chiral Models with Higher Derivative Terms

Shin Sasaki, Muneto Nitta (2014)

We study the higher derivative chiral models with four supercharges and BPS states in these models. The off-shell Lagrangian generically includes higher powers of the auxiliary fields F which causes distinct on-shell branches associated with the solutions to the auxiliary fields equation. We point out that the model admits a supersymmetric completion of arbitrary higher derivative bosonic models of a single complex scalar field and an arbitrary scalar potential can be introduced even without superpotentials. As an example, we present a supersymmetric extension of the Faddeev-Skyrme model without four time derivatives, in contrast to the previously proposed supersymmetric Faddeev-Skyrme-like model containing four time derivatives. In general, higher derivative terms together with a superpotential result in deformed scalar potentials. We find that higher derivative corrections to 1/2 BPS domain walls and 1/2 BPS lumps are exactly canceled out while the 1/4 BPS lumps (as compact baby Skyrmions) depend on a characteristic feature of the higher derivative models. We also find a new 1/4 BPS condition for domain wall junctions which generically receives higher derivative corrections.