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      Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

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      Physical Review Letters
      American Physical Society (APS)

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          Abstract

          On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10(-21). It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203,000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410(-180)(+160)  Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09(-0.04)(+0.03). In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36(-4)(+5)M⊙ and 29(-4)(+4)M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62(-4)(+4)M⊙, with 3.0(-0.5)(+0.5)M⊙c(2) radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

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          Most cited references48

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          Predictions for the rates of compact binary coalescences observable by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors

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            Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system

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              ON THE MAXIMUM MASS OF STELLAR BLACK HOLES

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                PRLTAO
                Physical Review Letters
                Phys. Rev. Lett.
                American Physical Society (APS)
                0031-9007
                1079-7114
                February 2016
                February 11 2016
                : 116
                : 6
                Article
                10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102
                26918975
                2d5d8cdf-c1e7-48d0-8863-6208914ce3cd
                © 2016

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

                History

                Comments

                This famous article published in PRL has been a great success and has become a model for many physics researchers and research institutions.

                 

                However, it is a pity that this article avoids the necessary numerical analysis of the detected gw150914 signal data, and fails to find the distribution and variation laws of the characteristic physical quantities (such as frequency and strain) of the signal wave from the detected data, so as to compare with the equation of general relativity, judge whether the frequency distribution and variation conform to the prediction of general relativity, and then identify this signal whether a gravitational wave of spiral binaries. However, this article directly asserts that it is the gravitational wave of the spiral binary black holes, and estimates the so-called chirped mass of imaginary binary black holes on the basis of this assertion. This kind of article structure is deficient in the standardization of scientific papers.

                 

                We have carried out a detailed numerical analysis to find out an exact law of frequency distribution and variation of gw150914 signal wave (https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=e0c0d308-5dcb-4190-a295-726c899f2517).  Compared with the popular science rendering in the past, the conclusion is somewhat disappointing: the frequency variation of gw150914 signal has an accurate law, but does not support the Blanchet frequency equation of general relativity, and the so-called chirp quality of binary star is uncertain. This means that whether the gw150914 signal is a gravitational wave of an ancient-far merged spiral binary or not, it actually has nothing to do with Einstein's general theory of relativity.

                 

                However, this is not unfortunate but gratifying, because the frequency distribution and variation of gw150914 signal present a new numerical quantization law (https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=e0c0d308-5dcb-4190-a295-726c899f2517, Eq2), the corresponding quantized frequency equation can be fitted. When we try to unify the macroscopic and microscopic quantization theory, the quantization frequency equation of gw150914 signal has the same status as the Rydberg formula of the hydrogen spectrum, which constitutes the most important experimental law of macroscopic quantum theory. Therefore, gw150914 signal will play an important role in the future development of physical theory.

                2021-02-04 03:04 UTC
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