Influência da taxa de resfriamento na corrosão em aço inoxidável fundido

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Abstract

As indústrias de extração de petróleo e produção de gás têm utilizado de forma crescente os aços inoxidáveis, por serem ligas que combinam boa propriedade mecânica a resistência à corrosão e são economicamente viáveis, para aplicações em linha de escoamento onshore e offshore. Estes materiais geralmente exibem excelente resistência à corrosão, tenacidade e soldabilidade. Entretanto, de todos os tipos de corrosão, a corrosão de localizada por pite é o processo mais difícil de controlar. O presente trabalho estuda o efeito da taxa de resfriamento na corrosão dos aços inoxidáveis martensíticos 13Cr-4Ni-0,02C e 13Cr-2Ni-0,1C. Foi observado que o aumento da taxa de resfriamento levou a formação de uma microestrutura refinada e com estruturas dendríticas. A taxa de corrosão foi determinada por ensaio de imersão e foi observado que quanto maior a taxa de resfriamento, maior a taxa de corrosão para os aços estudados. A densidade de pite, profundidade de pite e taxa de corrosão foram maiores para o aço 13Cr-2Ni-0,1C. Isto se deve por apresentar uma microestrutura mais refinada e maior quantidade de estruturas dendríticas, que podem atuar como sítios nucleantes no processo de corrosão.

Translated abstract

The oil drilling and gas production industries has been making increasing use of stainless steels because of their good combination of mechanical propriety and corrosion resistance and economically-viables alloys for onshore and offshore pipeline applications. These materials usually exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, toughness and weldability. However, of all the different types of corrosion, localized pitting corrosion is the most difficult process to control. The present work studies the effect of the cooling rate on corrosion of martensitics stainless steels 13Cr-4Ni-0,02C and 13Cr-2Ni-0,1C. It was observed that higher cooling rate led to the formation of a finer microstructure and with dendritics structures presence. The corrosion rate was determined by immersion tests and it was observed that the higher cooling rate, the higher the corrosion rate for the studied steels. Pitting density, pitting depth, and corrosion rates were all higher for 13Cr-2Ni-0,1C steel. This is due to its more refined microstructure and more dendritics structures that can act as nucleation sites for the corrosion process.

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Most cited references 8

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Why stainless steel corrodes.

E R Chater, Robert P. Ryan, M Hutton … (2002)

Stainless steels are used in countless diverse applications for their corrosion resistance. Although they have extremely good general resistance, they are nevertheless susceptible to pitting corrosion. This localized dissolution of an oxide-covered metal in specific aggressive environments is one of the most common and catastrophic causes of failure of metallic structures. The pitting process has been described as random, sporadic and stochastic and the prediction of the time and location of events remains extremely difficult. Many contested models of pitting corrosion exist, but one undisputed aspect is that manganese sulphide inclusions play a critical role. Indeed, the vast majority of pitting events are found to occur at, or adjacent to, such second-phase particles. Chemical changes in and around sulphide inclusions have been postulated as a mechanism for pit initiation but such variations have never been measured. Here we use nanometre-scale secondary ion mass spectroscopy to demonstrate a significant reduction in the Cr:Fe ratio of the steel matrix around MnS particles. These chromium-depleted zones are susceptible to high-rate dissolution that 'triggers' pitting. The implications of these results are that materials processing conditions control the likelihood of corrosion failures, and these data provide a basis for optimizing such conditions.