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      Isolation and Characterization of New Microsatellite Markers for the Invasive Softshell Clam, Mya arenaria (L.) (Bivalvia: Myidae)

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          Abstract

          The invasive softshell clam ( Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758) is native to the northwestern region of the Atlantic Ocean. This species has been introduced in the northeast Pacific and along the European coasts, due to intense naval transports and aquaculture, and it is now present in all the European seas. In this paper we describe seven new microsatellite loci for Mya arenaria. The isolated loci are polymorphic with a number of alleles per locus between 6 and 14. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.417 to 0.951, and from 0.643 to 0.895, with an average of 0.716 and 0.775, respectively. These microsatellite markers should be useful in analyzing this species’ genetic diversity, which could explain various processes of its invasion history.

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          An improved method for DNA isolation from mucopolysaccharide-rich molluscan tissues

          E. Sokolov (2000)
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            The benefits of increasing the number of microsatellites utilized in genetic population studies: an empirical perspective.

            T Koskinen, Pierre Landry, H Hirvonen … (2003)
            One of the key issues concerning the application of microsatellite DNA data in evolutionary studies is how the number of loci applied may influence the stability of genetic distances and corresponding phylograms. While computer simulations have suggested that over 30 microsatellites are required for accurate evolutionary inference, we show that a median of only six loci have been generally applied in studies of wild populations. Factors contributing to this contrast include: i) uncertainty regarding the potential benefits that can be gained from a realistic increase in the number of loci used; and ii) the lack of empirical studies assessing the influence of the number of microsatellites on the reliability of genetic distance estimation and phylogeny construction. In order to address these issues, we applied resampling techniques to microsatellite data in widely distributed populations of European grayling (Thymallus thymallus, Salmonidae). In agreement with expectations based on simulated data, we demonstrate empirically that the stability of commonly used genetic distances (DCE, DA and (deltamu)2) and the corresponding neighbor-joining phylograms is positively associated with the number of microsatellites utilized. For instance, increasing the number of loci from six to 17 resulted in a striking 75% increase in the proportion of DCE phylogram nodes supported by a bootstrap estimate of over 70%. Our results demonstrate that even moderately increasing the number of loci can be very beneficial--a finding extremely relevant for studies of natural populations for which optimally high microsatellite numbers are out of reach. Furthermore, the number of loci most commonly used to date may lead to erroneous inference of the evolutionary relationships between populations.
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              Clams before Columbus?

              J. Heinemeier, K Rasmussen, K. Petersen … (1992)
              Article 0 comments Cited 17 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date Collection: 2012
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 February 2012
                Volume: 13
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 2515-2520
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Molecular Biology Department, “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Kiseleff Street, No 1, Bucharest 011341, Romania; E-Mails: ana.krapal@ 123456antipa.ro (A.-M.K.); oppopa@ 123456antipa.ro (O.P.P.); elenap@ 123456antipa.ro (E.I.I.)
                [2 ]Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania; E-Mail: marietacostache@ 123456yahoo.com
                [3 ]Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 22, Carol I Boulevard, Iaşi RO 700505, Romania
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: popaluis@ 123456antipa.ro ; Tel.: +40-21-3128826; Fax: +40-21-3128863.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-13-02515
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022515
                PMC ID: 3292037
                PubMed ID: 22408468
                SO-VID: 2d8cbfb1-46be-4772-878b-4b3e88434eb8
                Copyright © © 2012 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 19 January 2012
                Date revision received : 07 February 2012
                Date accepted : 21 February 2012
                Categories
                Subject: Communication

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: invasive,genetic diversity,black sea,population genetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: invasive, genetic diversity, black sea, population genetics

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