Genetic deletion or small-molecule inhibition of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 exhibit anti-tumoral activity in mouse models of MLL-rearranged AML

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Discovery of cancer drug targets by CRISPR-Cas9 screening of protein domains

Junwei Shi, Eric Wang, Joseph Milazzo … (2015)

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology holds great promise for discovering therapeutic targets in cancer and other diseases. Current screening strategies target CRISPR-induced mutations to the 5’ exons of candidate genes 1–5 , but this approach often produces in-frame variants that retain functionality, which can obscure even strong genetic dependencies. Here we overcome this limitation by targeting CRISPR mutagenesis to exons encoding functional protein domains. This generates a higher proportion of null mutations and substantially increases the potency of negative selection. We show that the magnitude of negative selection reports the functional importance of individual protein domains of interest. A screen of 192 chromatin regulatory domains in murine acute myeloid leukemia cells identifies six known drug targets and 19 additional dependencies. A broader application of this approach may allow comprehensive identification of protein domains that sustain cancer cells and are suitable for drug targeting.

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Selective killing of mixed lineage leukemia cells by a potent small-molecule DOT1L inhibitor.

Scott Daigle, Edward Olhava, Carly Therkelsen … (2011)

Mislocated enzymatic activity of DOT1L has been proposed as a driver of leukemogenesis in mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). The characterization of EPZ004777, a potent, selective inhibitor of DOT1L is reported. Treatment of MLL cells with the compound selectively inhibits H3K79 methylation and blocks expression of leukemogenic genes. Exposure of leukemic cells to EPZ004777 results in selective killing of those cells bearing the MLL gene translocation, with little effect on non-MLL-translocated cells. Finally, in vivo administration of EPZ004777 leads to extension of survival in a mouse MLL xenograft model. These results provide compelling support for DOT1L inhibition as a basis for targeted therapeutics against MLL. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Arginine methylation an emerging regulator of protein function.

Mark Bedford, Stéphane Richard (2005)

Arginine methylation is now coming out of the shadows of protein phosphorylation and entering the mainstream, largely due to the identification of the family of enzymes that lay down this modification. In addition, modification-specific antibodies and proteomic approaches have facilitated the identification of an array of substrates for the protein arginine methyltransferases. This review describes recent insights into the molecular processes regulated by arginine methylation in normal and diseased cells.