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      Saponins as cytotoxic agents: a review

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          Abstract

          Saponins are natural glycosides which possess a wide range of pharmacological properties including cytotoxic activity. In this review, the recent studies (2005–2009) concerning the cytotoxic activity of saponins have been summarized. The correlations between the structure and the cytotoxicity of both steroid and triterpenoid saponins have been described as well as the most common mechanisms of action.

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          The biological action of saponins in animal systems: a review.

          George Francis, Zohar Kerem, Harinder P S Makkar … (2002)
          Saponins are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides, common in a large number of plants and plant products that are important in human and animal nutrition. Several biological effects have been ascribed to saponins. Extensive research has been carried out into the membrane-permeabilising, immunostimulant, hypocholesterolaemic and anticarcinogenic properties of saponins and they have also been found to significantly affect growth, feed intake and reproduction in animals. These structurally diverse compounds have also been observed to kill protozoans and molluscs, to be antioxidants, to impair the digestion of protein and the uptake of vitamins and minerals in the gut, to cause hypoglycaemia, and to act as antifungal and antiviral agents. These compounds can thus affect animals in a host of different ways both positive and negative.
          Article 0 comments Cited 273 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Biological activities and distribution of plant saponins.

            S Sparg, M E Light, J. Van Staden (2004)
            Plant saponins are widely distributed amongst plants and have a wide range of biological properties. The more recent investigations and findings into their biological activities were summarized. Isolation studies of saponins were examined to determine which are the more commonly studied plant families and in which families saponins have been identified.
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              Saponins: properties, applications and processing.

              O Güçlü, Giuseppe Mazza (2006)
              Saponins are a diverse group of compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which are characterized by their structure containing a triterpene or steroid aglycone and one or more sugar chains. Consumer demand for natural products coupled with their physicochemical (surfactant) properties and mounting evidence on their biological activity (such as anticancer and anticholesterol activity) has led to the emergence of saponins as commercially significant compounds with expanding applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical sectors. The realization of their full commercial potential requires development of new processes/processing strategies to address the processing challenges posed by their complex nature. This review provides an update on the sources, properties, and applications of saponins with special focus on their extraction and purification. Also reviewed is the recent literature on the effect of processing on saponin structure/properties and the extraction and purification of sapogenins.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                : +48-12-6205560 , +48-12-6205575 , mfpodola@cyf-kr.edu.pl
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Phytochem Rev
                Title: Phytochemistry Reviews
                Publisher: Springer Netherlands (Dordrecht )
                ISSN (Print): 1568-7767
                ISSN (Electronic): 1572-980X
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 June 2010
                Publication date PMC-release: 25 June 2010
                Publication date (Print): September 2010
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 425-474
                Affiliations
                Department of Pharmacognosy, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
                Article
                Publisher ID: 9183
                DOI: 10.1007/s11101-010-9183-z
                PMC ID: 2928447
                PubMed ID: 20835386
                SO-VID: 2d9f2a78-dfbd-41af-b123-eb82fd01af25
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2010
                History
                Date received : 13 January 2010
                Date accepted : 29 April 2010
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: cytotoxic mechanisms,sar,triterpenoid,steroid,glycosides
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biochemistry
                Keywords: cytotoxic mechanisms, sar, triterpenoid, steroid, glycosides

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