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      ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF PLANT SPECIES FROM BRAZILIAN CAATINGA AGAINST DERMATOPHYTES

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          Abstract

          Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, or Trichophyton spp. are the main etiologic agents of dermatophytosis, whose treatment is limited by the high cost of antifungal treatments, their various side effects, and the emergence of resistance amongst these species. This study evaluated the in vitro antidermatophytic activity of 23 crude extracts from nine plant species of semiarid vegetation ( caatinga) found in Brazil. The extracts were tested at concentrations ranging from 1.95 to 1,000.0 mg/mL by broth microdilution assay against the reference strains T. rubrum ATCC 28189 and T. mentagrophytes ATCC 11481, and 33 clinical isolates of dermatophytes. All plants showed a fungicidal effect against both fungal species, with MIC/MFC values of the active extracts ranging from 15.6 to 250.0 µg/mL. Selected extracts of Eugenia uniflora (AcE), Libidibia ferrea (AE), and Persea americana (AcE) also exhibited a fungicidal effect against all clinical isolates of T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes complex. This is the first report of the antifungal activity of Schinus terebinthifolius, Piptadenia colubrina , Parapiptadenia rigida, Mimosa ophthalmocentra, and Persea americana against both dermatophyte species.

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          Psidium guajava: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.

          R T Solis, Rosa Martha Pérez Gutiérrez, Jonathan Mitchell (2008)
          Psidium guajava, is an important food crop and medicinal plant in tropical and subtropical countries is widely used like food and in folk medicine around of the world. This aims a comprehensive of the chemical constituents, pharmacological, and clinical uses. Different pharmacological experiments in a number of in vitro and in vivo models have been carried out. Also have been identified the medicinally important phyto-constituents. A number of metabolites in good yield and some have been shown to possess useful biological activities belonging mainly to phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, terpenoid and triterpene. Extracts and metabolites of this plant, particularly those from leaves and fruits possess useful pharmacological activities. A survey of the literature shows P. guajava is mainly known for its antispasmodic and antimicrobial properties in the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. Has also been used extensively as a hypoglycaemic agent. Many pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotection, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough, antidiabetic, antiinflamatory and antinociceptive activities, supporting its traditional uses. Suggest a wide range of clinical applications for the treatment of infantile rotaviral enteritis, diarrhoea and diabetes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 155 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Medicinal plants of the caatinga (semi-arid) vegetation of NE Brazil: a quantitative approach.

            Ernani Lins Neto, Patrícia Muniz Medeiros, Joabe Melo … (2007)
            The caatinga (semi-arid vegetation) is a Brazilian biome with a significant but poorly studied biodiversity closely associated with a diverse cultural heritage. The present work focused on analyzing published information available concerning medicinal plants used by traditional communities. We sought to contribute to future phytochemical and pharmacological investigations by documenting the therapeutic uses of native caatinga plants within the aims of modern ethnopharmacological research. Twenty-one published works cited a total of 389 plant species used by indigenous and rural communities in northeastern Brazil for medicinal purposes. The relative importance index (RI) of each species in these inventories was calculated, and information concerning the plant's local status (spontaneous or cultivated), distribution, and habit was recorded. Of the 275 spontaneous (non-cultivated) species cited, 15.3% were endemic to the caatinga. A statistical relationship was verified between the relative importance of the species and their endemic status (p<0.05). Herbaceous plants were more numerous (169) than trees (90) or shrubs and sub-shrubs (130) at a statistically significant level (p<0.05). A survey of published information on the phytochemical and pharmacological status of the plants demonstrating the highest RI supported the veracity of their attributed folk uses.
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              Phenolic-Compound-Extraction Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Samples

              Patricia García-Salas, Aránzazu Morales-Soto, Antonio Segura-Carretero … (2010)
              This paper reviews the phenolic-compound-extraction systems used to analyse fruit and vegetable samples over the last 10 years. Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring antioxidants, usually found in fruits and vegetables. Sample preparation for analytical studies is necessary to determine the polyphenolic composition in these matrices. The most widely used extraction system is liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), which is an inexpensive method since it involves the use of organic solvents, but it requires long extraction times, giving rise to possible extract degradation. Likewise, solid-phase extraction (SPE) can be used in liquid samples. Modern techniques, which have been replacing conventional ones, include: supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). These alternative techniques reduce considerably the use of solvents and accelerate the extraction process.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo
                Journal ID (publisher-id): rimtsp
                Title: Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
                Publisher: Instituto de Medicina Tropical
                ISSN (Print): 0036-4665
                ISSN (Electronic): 1678-9946
                Publication date (Electronic): 22 March 2016
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Volume: 58
                Electronic Location Identifier: 18
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Avenida Colombo 5790 Zona 7, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
                [2 ]Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Farmácia, Avenida Prof. Arthur Sá s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-521 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
                [3 ]Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Renata Perugini Biasi-Garbin, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Fone: +55 43 33714297. E-mail: renatapbiasi@ 123456yahoo.com.br
                Article
                Other ID: 00216
                DOI: 10.1590/S1678-9946201658018
                PMC ID: 4804555
                PubMed ID: 27007561
                SO-VID: 2daa30ae-fc82-4641-aa2d-a679a1f3bc25
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                Date received : 24 March 2015
                Date accepted : 04 September 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 1
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: trichophyton,dermatophytosis,susceptibility,plant extracts
                Data availability:
                Keywords: trichophyton, dermatophytosis, susceptibility, plant extracts

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