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      EVALUACIÓN NEUROPSICOLÓGICA DE LOS PROCESOS COGNITIVOS EN LA EPILEPSIA

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          Abstract

          En la presente investigación se desarrolló un cuadro sindrómico de las funciones cognitivas de pacientes diagnosticados con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal. Se identificaron las características principales de este tipo de crisis y lo que representan para la vida y el tratamiento, tanto farmacológico como terapéutico, de estos pacientes. Se realizaron tres estudios de caso con participantes diagnosticados con este síndrome desde la niñez, con edades entre 30 y 50 años, que presentan crisis recurrentes a pesar del tratamiento farmacológico. Se realizó una evaluación neuropsicológica conformada por entrevistas y tres pruebas: Evaluación Neuropsicológica Integral para adultos, Cardamone (2004), Diagnóstico Neuropsicológico de Luria, Luria (1974) y Test breve de Inteligencia de Kaufman, Kaufman y Kaufman (2000). Las variables de estudio con las que se trabajó son los procesos cognitivos. Los resultados confirman el diagnóstico clínico y la teoría. Cuando la aparición de la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal es en la infancia, al llegar el paciente a la edad adulta se encuentran alteraciones de la memoria general tanto a largo como a corto plazo, de la atención selectiva consciente e incidental y de la función requerida para aprender nuevos conceptos. También se encontraron dificultades en el lenguaje tanto receptivo como expresivo y en las funciones intelectuales, como alteraciones en las emociones y en la personalidad. Se encontró la zona epileptógena y se constató que el aura (manifestaciones físicas que anticipan una crisis convulsiva) descrito por los participantes, concuerda con el tipo de epilepsia estudiado.

          Translated abstract

          Nesta pesquisa foi desenvolvido um quadro sindromico das funções cognitivas de pacientes com diagnóstico de epilepsia do lobo temporal. Foram identificadas as principais características deste tipo de crise eo que eles representam para a vida e tratamento, tanto farmacológico como terapeutico, desses pacientes. Foram feitos três estudos de caso com os participantes diagnosticados com esta síndrome desde a infância, com idades entre 30 e 50, com episódios recorrentes apesar do tratamento farmacológico. Foi realizada uma avaliação neuropsicológica que consisteu em entrevistas e três testes: Avaliação Neuropsicológica Integral para Adultos, Cardamone (2004), Diagnóstico Neuropsicológico de Luria, Luria (1974) e Teste Curto de Inteligência Kaufman, Kaufman e Kaufman (2000). As variáveis do estudo com que eles trabalharam são os processos cognitivos. Os resultados confirmam o diagnóstico clínico e a teoria. Se a ocorrência de epilepsia do lobo temporal é na infância, quando o paciente está na idade adulta, sua memória a longo e a curto prazo está geralmente prejudicada. O paciente tem problemas cona atenção seletiva, consciente e incidental para a função pretendida aprender novos conceitos. Também foram encontradas dificuldades em ambos linguagem receptiva e expressiva e em as funções intelectuais, tais como mudanças nas emoções e personalidade. A zona epileptogênica foi encontrada e verificou-se que a aura (manifestações físicas que antecipam uma apreensão) descrita pelos participantes, é consistente com o tipo de epilepsia estudada nesta investigação.

          Translated abstract

          This research project developed a syndromatic picture of the cognitive functions of patients diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy.The study identified the main characteristics of this type of syndrome and what they represent in the life and treatment of these patients pharmacologically as well as therapeutically.The study analyzed three case studies of patients between 30 and 50 years of age who present recurrent seizures in spite of drug treatment. A neuropsychological evaluation was developed through interviews and the administration of three tests:ComprehensiveNeuropsychological Evaluation for adults, Cardamone (2004), Luria’s Neuropsychological Diagnosis, Luria (1974) and Kaufman’s Short IntelligenceTest, Kaufman and Kaufman (2000). The results confirm the clinical diagnosis and the theory. The variables of the study were the cognitive processes. When temporal lobe epilepsy occurs in early childhood, the patient's memory -both long term and short term- generally suffers impairment in adulthood.He/she has difficulty with conscious as well as with incidental selective attention and with the functions required to learn new concepts. Difficulties were also found in both receptive and expressive language and in the intellectual functions which alter emotional level and personality. This research located the epileptogenic zone and confirmed that the aura (physical manifestations that anticipate a seizure) described by the participants is consistent with the type of epilepsy studied in the investigation.

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          Most cited references102

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          A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification and Terminology.

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            Semiological seizure classification.

            We propose an epileptic seizure classification based exclusively on ictal semiology. In this semiological seizure classification (SSC), seizures are classified as follows: a. Auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. b. Autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. c. "Dialeptic" seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term "dialeptic" seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal EEG) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal EEG). d. Motor seizures are characterized mainly by motor symptoms and are subclassified as simple or complex. Simple motor seizures are characterized by simple, unnatural movements that can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary and supplementary motor area (myoclonic, tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic, versive). Complex motor seizures are characterized by complex motor movements that resemble natural movements but that occur in an inappropriate setting ("automatisms"). e. Special seizures include seizures characterized by "negative" features (atonic, astatic, hypomotor, akinetic, and aphasic seizures). The SSC identifies in detail the somatotopic distribution of the ictal semiology as well as the seizure evolution. The advantages of a pure SSC, as opposed to the current classification of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), which is actually a classification of electroclinical syndromes, are discussed.
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              Desarrollo Psicológico

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rap
                Ajayu Órgano de Difusión Científica del Departamento de Psicología UCBSP
                Ajayu
                Universidad Cátolica Boliviana "San Pablo" (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                2077-2161
                August 2013
                : 11
                : 2
                : 81-115
                Affiliations
                [01] La Paz orgnameUniversidad Católica Boliviana 'San Pablo' Bolivia
                Article
                S2077-21612013000200005
                2dd7ba9c-7040-44cf-82d3-afa3d446c756

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 February 2013
                : 13 May 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 87, Pages: 35
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                SciELO Bolivia


                epilepsia de lóbulo temporal,alteración,neuropsicología,evaluación,neuropsicológica,procesos cognitivos,epilepsia do lobo temporal,alteracao,avaliação neuropsicológica,processos cognitivos,temporal lobe epilepsy,alteration,neuropsychological evaluation,neuropsychology,cognitive processes

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