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      Informing, simulating experience, or both: A field experiment on phishing risks

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          Abstract

          Cybersecurity cannot be ensured with mere technical solutions. Hackers often use fraudulent emails to simply ask people for their password to breach into organizations. This technique, called phishing, is a major threat for many organizations. A typical prevention measure is to inform employees but is there a better way to reduce phishing risks? Experience and feedback have often been claimed to be effective in helping people make better decisions. In a large field experiment involving more than 10,000 employees of a Dutch ministry, we tested the effect of information provision, simulated experience, and their combination to reduce the risks of falling into a phishing attack. Both approaches substantially reduced the proportion of employees giving away their password. Combining both interventions did not have a larger impact.

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          Most cited references18

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          Information Security Policy Compliance: An Empirical Study of Rationality-Based Beliefs and Information Security Awareness

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            Theoretical foundations of learning through simulation.

            Health care simulation is a powerful educational tool to help facilitate learning for clinicians and change their practice to improve patient outcomes and safety. To promote effective life-long learning through simulation, the educator needs to consider individuals, their experiences, and their environments. Effective education of adults through simulation requires a sound understanding of both adult learning theory and experiential learning. This review article provides a framework for developing and facilitating simulation courses, founded upon empiric and theoretic research in adult and experiential learning. Specifically, this article provides a theoretic foundation for using simulation to change practice to improve patient outcomes and safety. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              The Influence of Experiential and Dispositional Factors in Phishing: An Empirical Investigation of the Deceived

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                2019
                18 December 2019
                : 14
                : 12
                : e0224216
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
                [2 ] Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy, The Hague, The Netherlands
                Peking University, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-9760
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-9435
                Article
                PONE-D-19-06029
                10.1371/journal.pone.0224216
                6919577
                31851688
                2dd8f9eb-7771-4aae-b3a4-6212ae8d30c8
                © 2019 Baillon et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 March 2019
                : 8 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 4, Pages: 15
                Funding
                Funded by: funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003246, Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek;
                Award ID: 452-13-013
                Award Recipient :
                A.B. Vidi grant #452-13-013 from N.W.O. https://www.nwo.nl/en The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Data Visualization
                Infographics
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Labor Economics
                Employment
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Experimental Economics
                Computer and Information Sciences
                Computer Security
                Social Sciences
                Economics
                Labor Economics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Behavior
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Neuroscience
                Sensory Perception
                Sensory Cues
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Sensory Cues
                Social Sciences
                Psychology
                Sensory Perception
                Sensory Cues
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are available from Figshare at DOI: 10.25397/eur.10500029.

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