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      Interkulturelle Unterschiede im Erleben und Verhalten nach sozialer Exkludierung

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          Abstract

          Zusammenfassung. Soziale Exkludierung, von anderen entfernt gehalten zu werden, zieht schwerwiegende psychische und physische Reaktionen nach sich. Wie stark allerdings Menschen von sozialer Exkludierung bedroht sind, hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab. Im vorliegenden Forschungsartikel wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern kulturelle Unterschiede das Erleben sozialer Exkludierung beeinflussen. Die aktuelle Forschung zeigt, dass Personen mit kollektivistischem Hintergrund von Exkludierung weniger psychologisch beeinträchtigt sind als Personen mit individualistischem Hintergrund, weil sie als weniger bedrohlich und destabilisierend wahrgenommen wird. Neben der Darstellung empirischer Befunde werden die Grenzen des Effekts diskutiert, sowie theoretische und praktische Implikationen vorgestellt.

          Intercultural Differences in the Experience of and Behavior After Social Exclusion

          Abstract. Social exclusion – being kept apart from others – has severe psychological and physiological consequences. The degree to which people are threatened by social exclusion, however, depends on multiple factors. In the current research article, we consider the question of how cultural differences shape the experience of social exclusion. According to the current state of research, people with a collectivistic background are less affected by exclusion than are people with an individualistic background, since it is perceived as less threatening and destabilizing. In addition to the empirical evidence for this effect, we address boundary conditions; moreover, theoretical and practical implications are suggested.

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          Most cited references31

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          Cyberostracism: Effects of being ignored over the Internet.

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            The costly pursuit of self-esteem.

            Researchers have recently questioned the benefits associated with having high self-esteem. The authors propose that the importance of self-esteem lies more in how people strive for it rather than whether it is high or low. They argue that in domains in which their self-worth is invested, people adopt the goal to validate their abilities and qualities, and hence their self-worth. When people have self-validation goals, they react to threats in these domains in ways that undermine learning; relatedness; autonomy and self-regulation; and over time, mental and physical health. The short-term emotional benefits of pursuing self-esteem are often outweighed by long-term costs. Previous research on self-esteem is reinterpreted in terms of self-esteem striving. Cultural roots of the pursuit of self-esteem are considered. Finally, the alternatives to pursuing self-esteem, and ways of avoiding its costs, are discussed. ((c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved)
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              Cyberball: a program for use in research on interpersonal ostracism and acceptance.

              Since the mid-1990s, research on interpersonal acceptance and exclusion has proliferated, and several paradigms have evolved that vary in their efficiency, context specificity, and strength. This article describes one such paradigm, Cyberball, which is an ostensibly online ball-tossing game that participants believe they are playing with two or three others. In fact, the "others" are controlled by the programmer. The course and speed of the game, the frequency of inclusion, player information, and iconic representation are all options the researcher can regulate. The game was designed to manipulate independent variables (e.g., ostracism) but can also be used as a dependent measure of prejudice and discrimination. The game works on both PC and Macintosh (OS X) platforms and is freely available.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                pru
                Psychologische Rundschau
                Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen
                0033-3042
                2190-6238
                2018
                : 69
                : 2
                : 95-103
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
                Author notes
                PD Dr. Michaela Pfundmair, Department Psychologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802 München, E-Mail michaela.pfundmair@ 123456psy.lmu.de
                Article
                pru_69_2_95
                10.1026/0033-3042/a000343
                2de56c6c-3e19-4c81-ad92-bb38372d810f
                Copyright @ 2018
                History
                Categories
                Originalarbeit

                Psychology
                culture,threat,soziale Exkludierung,Kultur,Selbstkonzept,Bedrohung,social exclusion,self-construal
                Psychology
                culture, threat, soziale Exkludierung, Kultur, Selbstkonzept, Bedrohung, social exclusion, self-construal

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