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      DNA Barcoding on Bacteria: A Review

      Author(s): , , , , ,
      Publication date Created:
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      Journal: Advances in Biology
      Publisher: Hindawi Limited

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          Abstract

          Bacteria are omnipotent and they can be found everywhere. The study of bacterial pathogens has been happening from olden days to prevent epidemics, food spoilage, losses in agricultural production, and loss of lives. Modern techniques in DNA based species identification are considered. So, there is a need to acquire simple and quick identification technique. Hence, this review article covers the efficacy of DNA barcoding of bacteria. Routine DNA barcoding involves the production of PCR amplicons from particular regions to sequence them and these sequence data are used to identify or “barcode” that organism to make a distinction from other species.

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          Microbial biogeography: putting microorganisms on the map.

          Jennifer Martiny, Brendan J. M. Bohannan, James H Brown … (2006)
          We review the biogeography of microorganisms in light of the biogeography of macroorganisms. A large body of research supports the idea that free-living microbial taxa exhibit biogeographic patterns. Current evidence confirms that, as proposed by the Baas-Becking hypothesis, 'the environment selects' and is, in part, responsible for spatial variation in microbial diversity. However, recent studies also dispute the idea that 'everything is everywhere'. We also consider how the processes that generate and maintain biogeographic patterns in macroorganisms could operate in the microbial world.
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            Chemical sensors based on amplifying fluorescent conjugated polymers.

            Samuel W Thomas, Guy D. Joly, Timothy M. Swager (2007)
            Article 0 comments Cited 679 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Community structure and metabolism through reconstruction of microbial genomes from the environment.

              Gene W. Tyson, Jarrod Chapman, Philip Hugenholtz … (2004)
              Microbial communities are vital in the functioning of all ecosystems; however, most microorganisms are uncultivated, and their roles in natural systems are unclear. Here, using random shotgun sequencing of DNA from a natural acidophilic biofilm, we report reconstruction of near-complete genomes of Leptospirillum group II and Ferroplasma type II, and partial recovery of three other genomes. This was possible because the biofilm was dominated by a small number of species populations and the frequency of genomic rearrangements and gene insertions or deletions was relatively low. Because each sequence read came from a different individual, we could determine that single-nucleotide polymorphisms are the predominant form of heterogeneity at the strain level. The Leptospirillum group II genome had remarkably few nucleotide polymorphisms, despite the existence of low-abundance variants. The Ferroplasma type II genome seems to be a composite from three ancestral strains that have undergone homologous recombination to form a large population of mosaic genomes. Analysis of the gene complement for each organism revealed the pathways for carbon and nitrogen fixation and energy generation, and provided insights into survival strategies in an extreme environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Advances in Biology
                Abbreviated Title: Advances in Biology
                Publisher: Hindawi Limited
                ISSN (Print): 2356-6582
                ISSN (Electronic): 2314-7563
                Publication date Created: 2014
                Publication date (Print): 2014
                Volume: 2014
                Issue:
                Pages: 1-9
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2014/541787
                SO-VID: 2df08895-45b4-449f-a9ae-cd83a3be158b
                Copyright © © 2014
                License:

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

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